H (the earliest extant manuscript of the English Apocalypse) and P (another early copy which predates the Wycliffite LV) supply alternate readings for apparent scribal errors in MS. Significant deviations from MS are also noted here, including those places where MS exhibits influence from LV. LV Apocalypse quotations in these notes are taken from the edition that appears as Appendix A in this volume.

Prologue, Paragraph 1

Seynt. The first word of the Prologue and of each chapter begins with a rubricated initial letter.↩back to note source

chosen. So H. MS: chosne.↩back to note source

and seeth and understondith and seeth the tribulaciouns. So MS. H: seiȝ and understood þe tribulaciouns and þe sorouȝes.↩back to note source

Sone. So H. MS: sonee. Apparent scribal error.↩back to note source

Prologue, Paragraph 2

to his servant. So MS. H: took his servaunt.↩back to note source

schulen be chaungid. So MS. Marginal insertion.↩back to note source

asilen. So MS. H: assailen. (See explanatory note.)↩back to note source

Prologue, Paragraph 3

wakynge. So MS. H: makyng.↩back to note source

Prologue, Paragraph 4

he understode. MS: it understode.↩back to note source

Prologue, Paragraph 5

is on this. So H. MS: on þis.↩back to note source

“the Apocalips.” MS: þe pocalips. Emended for sense. H: þapocalips.↩back to note source

sevene sightis. MS: sevene sevene siȝtis. Scribal error. MS has a note in the bottom margin which is apparently a correction: sevene siȝts.↩back to note source

tellen. So MS. H adds: And God almiȝtful be at oure bigynnyng ȝif it be his wille. Amen.↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraph 1

Apocalips. The first word of each chapter begins with a rubricated initial letter. The first page of the biblical text, fol. 204r, features a second scribal hand with a smaller and tighter textura script, which runs from verse 1:1 to the middle of the gloss following verse 1:16 (1.¶8). The following page, fol. 204v, returns to the original scribal hand from the Prologue, which continues to the end of the Apocalypse.↩back to note source

God. As noted in the introduction to this edition, the Plimpton manuscript in general does not contain illuminations, and even its rubricated initial letters tend to be understated. The one slight exception to this rule is this first page of the biblical text (fol. 204r), which is written in a more formal textura hand than the rest of the Apocalypse. The stems of several letters on the top line have flourishes which curve into the margin, in particular the two iterations of the word which(e) and the initial s of servauntis. The h in Jhesu, appropriately, extends above the top line and curves into a shape resembling a shepherd’s crook. The d of God becomes a circle with what appear to be two eyes, a nose, and a frowning face. (See Figure 1 on p. vi.)↩back to note source

to be maad. MS: to to be maad. Scribal error.↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraphs 1–4

Apocalips of Jhesu Crist . . . to comynge, almyghti. So MS, following LV. H, P, and other early manuscripts of the English Apocalypse omit verses 1:1–8. MS continues to follow LV in verses 1:9–16 and 3:12–22 (see textual notes, below, for 1.¶5, 1.¶7, And Y turnede, 3.¶4–5, And to the aungele, and 3.¶¶7–9, And to the aungele; these textual notes provide alternate readings from H, whose translation predates LV).↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraph 5

I, Joon, youre brother . . . to Loadicia. So MS, following LV. H verses 1:9–11: [9] Ich, Johan, youre broþer and partinere in tribulaciouns and duelle in pacience in Jhesu Crist, was in an yle of the see that is cleped Pathmos and was exiled for Goddes wordes and for I bare witnesse of Jesu Crist. [10] And on a Sonenday, in gost Ich herd a grete voice biside me as it were þe soune of a trumpe [11] þat seide to me, “Write in þe book þat þou seest and sende it to þe seven chirches of Asye, þat is to wyte to Ephesie, Smirme, Pargame, Tiatire, Carde, Philadelphe, & Laodice.”↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraph 6

Glose. MS marks the start of glosses here and in 1.¶8 with the word glose in red. The glossed sections are inconsistently labeled thereafter; this edition standardizes them.↩back to note source

trumpe and. So MS. H: buscyne [trumpet] that.↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraph 7

Texte. MS marks the beginning of each section of biblical text with the word texte or tixte in red; this edition standardizes the spelling. The one exception is chapter beginnings, which are marked with a rubricated initial capital and the chapter number in the margin.↩back to note source

And Y turnede . . . in his vertu. So MS, following LV. H verses 1:12–16: [12] And I tourned me to see þe voice þat spaak to me, and I seiȝ seven candelstickes. [13] On þat semed the maidens son þat was cloþed in an aube riȝth unto the erþe and gird under his tittes wiþ a girdel of golde. [14] His heued and his here was white as wolle and as snow, and his eiȝen as flaume of fyre, [15] and his feet as gleedes brennande. His voice was as voice of many watres, [16] and he had in his riȝth honde seven sterres, and out at his mouþe com a swerd kervyng on boþe parties. And his visage was as þe sonne whan it shyneþ briȝttest.↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraph 8

The undoynge of this. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

garnement that he was claad. So MS. H: aube þat he was cloþed.↩back to note source

helpen the othere. So MS. H adds: forto done wel.↩back to note source

vyres and. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

wise men. So MS. H: wise clerkes.↩back to note source

wirchynge. So H. MS: wrchynge. Scribal error.↩back to note source

puple of goode leveyng. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

kittith. So MS. H: kerveþ.↩back to note source

on half. So H. MS: on þe on half.↩back to note source

yvele. So MS. H: quede [wicked].↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraph 9

“Nyl thu dreden.” So MS, possibly following LV. H: Be þou nouȝth adred.↩back to note source

helle and of deith. So MS, possibly following LV. H: hevene and of helle.↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraph 10

of Asie. So MS. H omits, following AN and Vulgate. MS marks the end of many sections of biblical text, starting here, with the word ende in red. The label is inconsistently applied; this edition omits it and standardizes Glose to mark the beginning of the glossed sections.↩back to note source

Chapter 1, Paragraph 11

after Goddis lawe. So MS. H: and to shryven hem.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 1

comaundith. So MS. H: comeþ.↩back to note source

for the synnes of the puple. So MS. H: for þe synnes of þe folk. Every manuscript of the English Apocalypse includes a variation on this phrase, but it is not in the AN or Vulgate. It appears to be an interpretive addition original to the Middle English translator.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 2

thyng. MS: ȝyng. Scribal error. H: þing.↩back to note source

first. So MS. H: aforne.↩back to note source

But thou do. MS: but þou do but þou do.↩back to note source

thi candilstike. So MS. H: þee and þi candelstik.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 5

and art blasfemed . . . these thingis whiche thu schalt suffre. So MS, following LV. The script from here to the end of the folio page is written in a darker ink and runs into the lower margin, suggesting a later addition or correction. H: þe assaut of fals folk þat blasfemen þee.↩back to note source

and he that overcometh. So MS and H. Four manuscripts of the English Apocalypse follow the AN and Vulgate in starting verse 11 with he þat haþ eris, here he what þe spirit seiþ to þe chirchis (Fridner, p. 14).↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 6

By the tribulacioun. So MS. H: By þe temptacioun.↩back to note source

Lord. So MS. Marginal insertion.↩back to note source

in that he. So H. MS: in þat þat he. Apparent scribal error.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 7

ye woneth. MS and H: he woneþ.↩back to note source

my name. MS: my my name.↩back to note source

and thu holdist . . . where Satanas dwellith. So MS in a marginal addition, following LV. H omits.↩back to note source

In as moche ye have forsake my lawe. So MS. MS and H translate this line from the AN, but it is not in the Vulgate. It appears to be an interpretive addition original to the AN translator.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 8

o thinge. So MS. H: oo þing. Both follow AN: une chose [one thing] (Fridner, p. 16). LV follows the Vulgate: a fewe thingis. See also textual note for 2.¶12, below.↩back to note source

eten of the. MS: eten of of þe þe. Scribal error. H: seen þe.↩back to note source

holden the techyng. So MS. H: holden þe lore.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 9

“And to hym.” So MS. H: unto hym. LV follows the Vulgate in starting verse 17 with He that hath eeres, here he what the Spiritt seith to the chirchis, which none of the English Apocalypse manuscripts do. The AN manuscript that Fridner transcribes does not include the start of this verse, but he supplies it from one that does (Fridner, p. 16), so it may be that the Middle English translator was working from a corrupt AN copy.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 10

sobirnesse. So MS. H: meþfulnesse [moderation].↩back to note source

blisse of heven, and that is manna. So MS. H: mete of hevene, and þat is manna aungels mete.↩back to note source

veniaunce. So MS. H: wreche [retribution].↩back to note source

at the day. So H. MS: þe at day.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 11

thi charité. So MS and H. LV adds, following the Vulgate: and thi service and thi pacience.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 12

o thing. So MS and H, following AN. LV follows the Vulgate: a fewe thingis. See also textual note for 2.¶8, above.↩back to note source

that sterith. So MS. H: for to techen and out drawen.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 13

“To you . . . the develis techynge.” So MS and H, following AN. LV follows the Vulgate in expanding on this phrase: and to other that ben at Tiatire, who ever han not this teching and that knewen not the highnesse of Sathanas, hou thei seyn. See also explanatory note.↩back to note source

yee han. So H. MS: he han.↩back to note source

to the deeth. So MS and H, following AN. LV follows the Vulgate: til I come.↩back to note source

And he that overcometh . . . dai sterre. MS and H remove a clause from verse 26 and omit verses 27 and 29. LV: [26] “And to him that shal overcome and that shal kepe til in to the ende my werkis I shal gife power on folkis [over mankind], [27] and he shal governe hem in an yren yarde [rod], and thei shulen be broken togider, as a vessel of a potter, as also I resceyvede of my Fadir. [28] And I schal gife to him a morewe sterre [morning star]. [29] He that hath eeris, here he what the Spiritt seith to the chirchis.”↩back to note source

sterre. So H. MS: sterris.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 14

and lettith. So MS. P: He leteþ.↩back to note source

lyves. So H. MS: lymes.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 1

“And to the aungele of the chirche.” So MS. P: Unto þe bisschop of.↩back to note source

that is. So P. MS: þat is þat is.↩back to note source

seven sterris. So MS and P. Vulgate: septem spiritus Dei et septem stellas [seven spirits of God and seven stars].↩back to note source

and thou lyvest. So P. MS omits, an apparent scribal error. All other manuscripts follow the Vulgate’s word order: vivas et mortuus es [you live and you are dead] (Fridner, p. 21).↩back to note source

conferme hem that ben dyeande. So P. MS: conferme hem conferme hem.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 2

clothinge. So P. MS: doynge. Apparent scribal error.↩back to note source

aungels. MS and P omit verse 3:6. LV: He that hath eeris, here he what the Spiritt seith to the chirchis.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 3

her bodies. So H. MS: heer her bodies. Apparent scribal error.↩back to note source

doun out. So MS. P: putt out.↩back to note source

destroyen men. So MS. P: disceyven men.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraphs 4–5

“And to the aungele . . . my newe name.” So MS, following LV. P verses 3:7–12: [7] Unto þe chirche of Philadelphe, write þis, seiþ he þat þat seith, þe holy and soþfast þat haþ David þe keye þat openeþ and noman ne schetteþ. [8] I wot ȝoure werkes, and hath ȝoven ȝou þe dore open þat non ne may schetten. Forþi þat þou has a litel vertu and haste kepte my word and nouȝth forsaken my lawe. [9] Loo, I schal ȝive þee þe synagog of Sathan þat seien þat þai ben Jewes and ne ben nouȝth. And I schal do hem comen and fallen before þi feete in worschipp, and þai schullen witen þat þai loven þee. [10] And for þat þou hast kepte þe comaundementz of pacience, I schal kepe þee fro þe temptacioun þat schal come overal in þe werlde þat tempteþ hem þat wonen in erþe. [11] Holde þat þou hast non ne take thi coroune. [12] And hym þat Ich þus overcome, I schal make hym piler in þe temple of my God, and þe name of my God, and þe name of þe cité newe Jerusalem þat com adoun from hevene, and my newe name.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 5

newe name. MS and P omit verse 3:13. LV: He that hath eeris, here he what the Spiritt seith to the chirchis.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 6

That he. So P. MS omits.↩back to note source

thre names. So MS. P: þre maneres.↩back to note source

Jhesu. So MS. P omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 7

no man. So MS. LV: no thing. P, following AN, also has noþing.↩back to note source

that is medicyne . . . that thou see. So MS; this definition is added by the LV translators and not in the Vulgate. See textual note for 3.¶5 of Appendix A.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 8

“Whom I love, I reprove and chastise.” MS: I whom I love, reprove and chastise. Apparent scribal error. Compare LV: I repreve and chastise whom I love.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 9

with me. MS: with in me. H: by me.↩back to note source

as I. MS: as and I. Scribal error.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraphs 7–9

“And to the aungele . . . seyn to chirchis.” So MS, following LV. P verses 3:14–22: [14] Unto þe bisschopp of Laodyce, write þat seiþ he þat is sooþ witnesse writen trewe and verrey. [15] I wot wel þine werkes for þou art neiþer hot ne colde. [16] Bot for þou art bytwene two, þou makest me to wlaþþen [feel nauseated]. I schal bigynne to cast þee out of my mouþe by þe fore feete. [17] For þou seist þat þou art riche and hast mester [need] of noþing, and þou ne wost þat þou art wrecched and pouere and blynde and naked. [18] And forþi I rede þat þou bye of my golde tried and proved forto bicome riche, and þat þou cloþe men in white cloþing þat þi schame ne schewe nouȝth þat þou art naked. And grese þine eiȝen wiþ þis oyle forto seen. [19] I blame and chastise hem þat I love. And þerfore do penaunce. [20] Stondeþ atte þe dore and beteþ that hereþ my voice and openeþ me þe ȝate and I schal entre unto hem and make þere my sopere wiþ hem and he wiþ me. [21] He þat overcometh I schal do hym sytte by me in my throne as Ich have overcomen and sytt with my fader. [22] Who þat haþ eren hereþ what þe spiryt seiþ to þe chirche.↩back to note source

Chapter 3, Paragraph 10

deef heed. So MS. P: tewedes [lukewarm]. MS, P, and LV, as well as the AN and Vulgate, make no mention of deafness in the preceding biblical passage.↩back to note source

castyng. So P. MS: castthing. A possible scribal error due to the line break at cast/thing.↩back to note source

amende hem. So MS. P: repenten hem.↩back to note source

knokkyth. So MS. P: beteþ.↩back to note source

levynge of seine forevere. So MS. P: schrift. MS seine is apparently an alternate spelling of sinne, though not attested by MED.↩back to note source

thanne oure. MS: thanne and oure. Scribal error.↩back to note source

gost seith. So P. MS: gost seiþ seiþ.↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 1

a dore. So MS. P: þe dores.↩back to note source

after this. So MS. P: after þis lyve.↩back to note source

sardines. MS and P omit the second half of verse 4:3. LV: and a reynbowe was in the cumpas of the seete, lyk the sight of smaragdyn [emerald].↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 2

love able. So MS. P: schal be lorde.↩back to note source

Either. MS: eiȝer. Apparent scribal error.↩back to note source

biforn Jhesu Crist and sweren of his blod. So MS. P: and ansueren bifore Jesu Crist of blood.↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 3

olde. So MS. P adds: wheþer a man wil he may seie and.↩back to note source

lightynge and thundrynge. So MS. H: liȝtnesse and þondrynge. Neither MS nor H translate the Vulgate et voces [and voices] in the middle of this phrase. AN has voiz (Fridner, p. 31) and LV voicis. Fridner notes that one late English Apocalypse manuscript, Bodley MS Rawlinson C.750, has voyses. See explanatory note for 4.¶4, Bi the voisis.↩back to note source

als. So P. MS: as.↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 4

predicaciouns. So MS. P: prechynge.↩back to note source

Chapter 2, Paragraph 14–Chapter 4, Paragraph 4

heretikis that lyven . . . that ben confermed thorough. So MS. H is missing the manuscript page that would contain these lines; P supplies alternate readings for this section.↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 4

thorough tribulacioun. H resumes after the missing page with the second half of þo|rouȝ.↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 5

to seyne. So MS. H adds: niȝth and day.↩back to note source

Lord God almighti. So MS. H: miȝtful God al weldande.↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 6

Resurreccioun. So MS. H: uprist.↩back to note source

lif thurgh. MS: lif þe thurȝ.↩back to note source

meknesse withyne in hert and charité. So MS. H: sorouȝ of herte and shrift of mouþe.↩back to note source

the ruele of. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

the love. So MS. H: þe bileve.↩back to note source

temperance. So MS. H: meþfulnesse.↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 7

crownes. MS: crowes. H: crounes.↩back to note source

Chapter 4, Paragraph 8

fende. So MS. H: devel.↩back to note source

Chapter 5, Paragraph 1

an aungele. So MS. H: a stronge aungel.↩back to note source

hath overcome. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 5, Paragraph 2

without bitokeneth. So MS. H: wiþoute is bitokned þe godspell.↩back to note source

olde fadres of the old lawe. MS: olde law of þe olde fadres of þe old lawe.↩back to note source

Chapter 5, Paragraph 3

of seyntis. So MS. H: of þe holy.↩back to note source

Chapter 5, Paragraph 4

holi men. So MS. H: seven holy gostes.↩back to note source

That thei hadden the violis of gold ful of swete odoures bitokeneth. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

joye. So MS. H: glorie.↩back to note source

ende. So MS. H adds: Jhesu Crist graunte us grace so forto don þat we mowen comen into his regne and dwellen wiþ hym. Amen.↩back to note source

Chapter 5, Paragraph 5

the foure and twenti grete and the foure bestis. So MS and H. Vulgate and AN omit the specific numbers. LV: of the beestis and of the eldir men.↩back to note source

to resceyven vertu. So MS and H. All manuscripts of the English Apocalypse omit the next item in the list: Vulgate divinitatem [divinity]; AN devinité (Fridner, p. 43); LV godheede.↩back to note source

honour. MS and H omit most of verse 5:13. LV: And ech creature that is in hevene and that is on erthe and undir erthe and the see and wiche thingis ben in it, I herde alle seynge to him that satt in the troone and to the lomb, “Blessing and onour and glorie and power in to worldis of worldis.”↩back to note source

Chapter 5, Paragraph 6

the aungelis. So MS. H adds: maken.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 2

thorough. So H. MS: þouȝ.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 3

and to hym that satt there upon. So H. MS omits, an apparent scribal error.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 4

might. So MS. H adds: þat God had ȝoven to þe fende.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 5

balaunce. So MS, possibly following LV. H: weiȝe.↩back to note source

of whete. MS: of of whete.↩back to note source

bilibres . . . bilibris. So MS. H: mesures . . . mesures.↩back to note source

of barli. MS: of barli of barli.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 6

balaunce. So MS. H: weiȝe.↩back to note source

to maken two mesures. MS: to maken to mesures. H omits.↩back to note source

two manere. So H. MS: to manere.↩back to note source

and goode werkis. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

peny. So MS. H: wyne.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 7

opened. So MS. H: undede.↩back to note source

saat on hym. So MS. H: þere on was.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 8

false jugis. So MS. H: þe juges.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 9

thai hadden. So MS. H: þai herden.↩back to note source

men gaf. So H. MS: me ȝaf.↩back to note source

whiyt, and it is seide to hem. So MS. H: and bad of hem.↩back to note source

of her britheren. So MS and H, following AN. Vulgate: conservi eorum et fratres eorum [their fellow-servants and their brothers]. LV: of her felowis and of her bretheren.↩back to note source

to be slayn yit. So MS. H: ȝut to slen and þai weren stille.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 10

and shulen ben her above. So MS. H: and þat þai shullen ȝut ben under.↩back to note source

abiden to han in glorie. So MS. H: habben aboven forto have glorie.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 11

stirynge. MS: furynge. An apparent scribal error, in which the scribe crossed the wrong bar to make the long s look like an f and the ti look like a u. The word furynge is not attested in the MED. H: stiriȝing.↩back to note source

eche mountayne and yle. So MS. H: alle þe mountaynes and þe hilles.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 12

rochis. So MS. H adds: and in mountaynes.↩back to note source

and fro the wrathe of the Lomb. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 6, Paragraph 13

gret tribulacioun. So MS. H: grete balaunce.↩back to note source

a book turneth. So MS. H: the book oppeneþ.↩back to note source

the yles. So MS. H: þe hilles.↩back to note source

Chapter 7, Paragraph 1

foure corners of the erthe. So H. MS: foure corners of þe foure corners.↩back to note source

stiyende up fro the risyng. So MS, possibly influenced by LV. H: unto þe estward.↩back to note source

the servauntis of oure God in ther forhedes. So MS. H: þe tokne of þe Lorde in þe foreheuedes of his servauntz.↩back to note source

an hundride foure and fourti thousende. So MS. H: foure þousande and fourty hundreþ.↩back to note source

of the sones. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 7, Paragraph 2

Neptalym, as many . . . Manasse, as manye. So MS. H follows AN and the Vulgate in placing Manasse directly after Neptalym.↩back to note source

Chapter 7, Paragraph 3

came doun. So MS. H: com adoune from hevene.↩back to note source

the sothfast. MS: he soþfast. Apparent scribal error. H: soþfast.↩back to note source

is aknowe. So MS. H: is biknowen [confesses].↩back to note source

feith. So H. MS: feiþ of the feiþ.↩back to note source

Chapter 7, Paragraph 4

gret vois. So MS. H: heiȝe voice.↩back to note source

onoureden. MS: a onoureden. H: anoureden.↩back to note source

clerté. So MS. H: charité.↩back to note source

Chapter 7, Paragraph 6

answerde and. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 7, Paragraph 7

And I seide to hym, “My lord, thu wost.” So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 7, Paragraph 8

on hem. So MS. H adds: ne þe mone.↩back to note source

eche tere. So MS. H: alle teres.↩back to note source

Chapter 7, Paragraph 9

holi writt. So MS. H: þe techynges of holy writ.↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 1

the Lomb. So MS. H: þe aungel.↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 2

encens. So MS. H: orisouns.↩back to note source

weren made. So MS. H: ben herd.↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 3

shal soone. MS: shal soone shal. H: shal sone.↩back to note source

sent into. So MS. H: sent þe fire into.↩back to note source

lownesse. So MS. H: noblesse þat þe prechours shullen han.↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 4

to syngen in trumpe. So MS. H: forto trumpen.↩back to note source

trumpynge of. MS: trumpynge at. H: trumpyng of.↩back to note source

a gret part of trees and. So MS. H: þe þrid part of þe trees and al þe.↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 6

brenande. So MS. H adds: of fyre.↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 7

frist prechinge that was prechide. So MS. H: predicaciouns [preaching] þat weren first made.↩back to note source

brennende hil. So MS. H: grete hilles brennande.↩back to note source

loveden. So MS. H: lyven.↩back to note source

revers. So MS. H: ryvage [shore].↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 8

is seide Wermwede . . . and manye. So MS, possibly following LV. H: is made Alors [Wormwood] þat is bitter, and mychel folk.↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 9

alle bitter as wermwede and lest manye. So MS. H: often of bitter tast as Alors and leseþ many þat drynken.↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 10

in erthe. MS and H omit the second half of 8:13. LV: “. . . of the other voicis of thre aungelis that shulen trumpe aftir.”↩back to note source

Chapter 8, Paragraph 11

smyten in derknesse. So MS. H: made derk.↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 1

and the erthe. So MS. H: and þe ayre.↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 2

deippe. So MS. H: abisme.↩back to note source

discipils. So MS. H: of Antecristes deciples.↩back to note source

thre degrees. MS: þrre degrees. Scribal error. H: þre manere degrees.↩back to note source

heigh lif. So MS. H: new lyf and heiȝ.↩back to note source

harmed. So MS. H: hirt.↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 3

haburiounes. So MS, possibly following LV. H: hauberkes.↩back to note source

in her. So H. MS: and her.↩back to note source

Exterminans. So MS. H adds: þat is, myssaieyng [blasphemy].↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 4

woes. So MS. H: wers afterward.↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 5

corownes. MS: corowes. Scribal error. H: crounes.↩back to note source

habiriounes. So MS. H: hauberkes.↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 6

sithis. So MS, possibly following LV. H: times and.↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 7

haburiounes. So MS. H: hauberkes.↩back to note source

neddris. MS and H omit the final phrase in 9:19. LV: serpentis havynge heedis, and in hem thei noien [torment].↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 8

hep. So MS. H: partye.↩back to note source

this world. MS: þis word. H: þis werlde.↩back to note source

Chapter 9, Paragraph 9

Texte. This is the only textual passage in the English Apocalypse that is not followed by a gloss. Chapter 10 begins immediately after verses 9:20–21 in all manuscripts of the English Apocalypse (see Fridner, p. 74).↩back to note source

ther menslyngis ne of her venym doyngis ne of her fornicaciouns. So MS, possibly following LV. H: his unsiþes [crimes] ne of his hounters [hunting] ne of his leccherie. MED (unsith [n.], sense 1) cites unsithes as a possible “error for homicide” (omicydes). For more on hounters, see explanatory note for 21.¶3.↩back to note source

Chapter 10, Paragraph 1

roreth. So MS. H: rennes [runs].↩back to note source

“Marke.” So MS, possibly following LV. H: Hele [conceal].↩back to note source

Chapter 10, Paragraph 2

feet. So MS. H: swerd.↩back to note source

comynge. So MS. H: connyng [skill, knowledge]. Likely a scribal error, since H is the only manuscript with this reading.↩back to note source

hethen men. So MS. H: payens [pagans].↩back to note source

Chapter 10, Paragraph 3

blawe. So MS. H: trumpe.↩back to note source

Chapter 10, Paragraph 5

the aungelis hond. MS: þe hond of þe aungelis hond.↩back to note source

and it shal maak . . . swelewed it in. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 10, Paragraph 6

liftyng. So MS. H: hevyng.↩back to note source

bihotith. So MS. H: bitokneþ.↩back to note source

Goddes word. So H. MS: God.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 1

And also . . . many kyngis. MS and H mark the beginning of Chapter 11 here; modern convention assigns this first verse to the end of Chapter 10.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 2

porche. So MS. H: writyng.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 3

soget to my soule . . . reprevable. So MS. H: buxum to my soule, and I ne lett nouȝth to prechen to oþere.↩back to note source

that is. MS: þat is þat is.↩back to note source

a yere, by a moneth a yere, and by. So H. MS omits.↩back to note source

two tymes. So MS. H: o tyme.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 4

gyve to my. So MS. H: nyme.↩back to note source

too hundrid. So MS. H: and þe tymes.↩back to note source

covered. So H. MS: þe covered.↩back to note source

stonden. So MS. H: shinande and stondande.↩back to note source

shal slen. So H. MS: shallen.↩back to note source

Thei han power to close hevene . . . wounde hou often thei wiln. So MS. H: þat han pouste to tourne þe water into blood and forto smyten þe erþe wiþ what wonder þat þai willen.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 5

that bitokeneth prechours to whom. So MS. H: unto whiche.↩back to note source

manas of the proude mighti. So MS. H: manace þat he manaceþ þe wicked proude þat ben miȝthful.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 8

erthe movynge. So MS. H: stiryng of erþe.↩back to note source

ther ben slayn in erthe stirynge the names of men seven thousende. So MS. H: seven þousandes shullen ben sleyn of men.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 10

gosteli. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

an othere. So MS. H: anoye [offended].↩back to note source

goodis. MS: godis goodis. H: þinges.↩back to note source

that turmenten hem. MS: the turmenten hem. H: of hem þat þai tormenteden.↩back to note source

clerkis and prelatis. MS: clerkis as prelatis. H: prelates and clerkes.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 12

thin halewis, prophetis. So MS and H. AN: a tes serfs prophetes & a seinz [to your servants the prophets and saints] (Fridner, p. 88). Vulgate: servis tuis prophetis et sanctis [your servants the prophets and saints]. LV: thi servauntis and profetis and halowis.↩back to note source

and other. MS: and and oþer. Scribal error.↩back to note source

Chapter 11, Paragraph 13

gove to hir. So MS. H: ȝoven hir and þat nevermore ne shal be bynomen hir.↩back to note source

thei. MS: the. Scribal error. H: thai.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 1

whicche. So MS. H: þe hucche [ark].↩back to note source

voises and thundres and erthe movynge. So MS, possibly following LV. H: voices stiryng.↩back to note source

And the temple . . . and haile. MS and H mark the beginning of Chapter 12 here; the Vulgate assigns this first verse to the end of Chapter 11.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 2

aperide. So MS, possibly following LV (see explanatory note). H: shewed.↩back to note source

many sterris. So MS. H: XII sterres, following AN and Vulgate.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 3

of God bitokeneth the Holi Gost that aperede in. So MS. H: bitokneþ.↩back to note source

whicche. So MS. H: hucche.↩back to note source

tribulaciouns. So MS. H: temptaciouns and þe heyl stronge tribulaciouns.↩back to note source

thourgh apostlis. So MS. H: þorouȝ prechyng of þe twelve apostles.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 4

and hadde. So MS. H: and cast.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 5

the ten hornes the richesse . . . Ten Comaundementis. So MS. H: By þe ten hornes ben bitokned þe Ten Comaundementz of God.↩back to note source

childer. So MS. H: childer of holy chirche.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 6

agenstonden. So MS. H: wiþstonden.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 7

soulis. So MS. H: lyf, following AN and Vulgate.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 8

the grete dragon. So MS. H: þe fende þat is made in hevene aȝein þe dragoun.↩back to note source

doun to. So MS. H: aȝeins hym forto.↩back to note source

scharplyer. So MS. H: egrelicher [more sharply].↩back to note source

meknesse. So MS. H: lowenesse and þolemodenesse [patience in adversity].↩back to note source

to kepen. So MS. H: forto witen.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 9

he pursued. So MS. H: þorouȝ.↩back to note source

bi a tyme. So MS. H: by oo tyme and two tymes and half a tyme, following AN and Vulgate.↩back to note source

And out of his mouthe . . . bytraped of the flode. So MS. H: Þhan þe serpent sent out at his mouþe a watere as it were a flood forto bitrayen hir þorouȝ.↩back to note source

and stode hymself . . . the see. MS and H place this sentence at the end of Chapter 12, following the Vulgate; the Authorized Version and most modern versions of the Bible assign it to the first half of 13:1.↩back to note source

Chapter 12, Paragraph 10

faught. So MS. H: werred.↩back to note source

whiche. So H. MS: whice.↩back to note source

techyng holi chirche doith. So MS. H: þai don.↩back to note source

cast out at his mouthe after the woman resceyvede. So MS. H: Þe water þat þe serpent sent out at þe mouþe after þe womman bitokeneþ þe tribulaciouns þat þe womman resceyveþ.↩back to note source

holinesse. So MS. H: lowenesse.↩back to note source

that he may not distroien hir bi tribulacioun. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

given to kepe to hem. So MS. H: ne given no kep unto hem.↩back to note source

agenstonden. So MS. H: wiþstonden.↩back to note source

Chapter 13, Paragraph 1

on his hedis names of blasfemye. So MS, possibly following LV. H: many blastynges [curses].↩back to note source

Chapter 13, Paragraph 2

of the. MS: of þe of þe.↩back to note source

ravenours. So MS. H: ravisshshoures.↩back to note source

myghti. So MS. H: niþeful [envious; spiteful].↩back to note source

power bitokeneth. MS: power bitokeneþ bitokeneþ.↩back to note source

noyen. So MS. H: deren [hurt].↩back to note source

Chapter 13, Paragraph 3

slayn, and the heede deede was helid. So MS. H: sleyn oiþer ded, and þe wounde of þe dede was heled.↩back to note source

and seiden, “Who is liyk to the best?” So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 13, Paragraph 4

doon. MS: do doon.↩back to note source

loude and to gyve . . . and his tabernacle. So MS. H: aloude and to ȝiven blastyng aȝeins God and to blastengen his name and his thabernacle.↩back to note source

Chapter 13, Paragraph 5

caitifté. So MS. H: chastité.↩back to note source

swerd. MS and H omit the second half of verse 10. LV: This is the pacience and the feith of seyntis.↩back to note source

Chapter 13, Paragraph 6

Job . . . of the unpitous. So MS. H: Jobes book, “And in þat þe erþe is ȝoven into wickednesse.”↩back to note source

obedient. So MS. H: buxum [obedient].↩back to note source

schullen. MS: scullen.↩back to note source

Chapter 13, Paragraph 7

or his name or the noumbre of his name. So MS, possibly following LV. H: oiþer of his name.↩back to note source

Chapter 13, Paragraph 8

vic, lx, and vi. So MS. H: sex hundreþ and sexty and sex.↩back to note source

Chapter 13, paragraph 9

given hem. So MS. H: stiȝen up.↩back to note source

profetis. So MS. H: prelates.↩back to note source

and now. So MS. H: and none.↩back to note source

his mark in her hond . . . marke in the forhede. So MS. H: þe merk in þe hond privelich and afterward in þe forhede openlich.↩back to note source

no mann speken. So MS. H: no man durre [dare] speke.↩back to note source

in holi chirche. So MS. H omits. (See explanatory note, noon schal han power.)↩back to note source

perdicioun . . . leden hem to perdicioun. So MS. H: lernesse [emptiness; fig. perdition] whan he shal come forto desceyven þe folk and leden hem to lernesse.↩back to note source

is it lux. So MS. H: mowen men seien þat þe noumbre of his name is “dic lux.”↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 1

gret. So MS. H: olde.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 2

delit. MS: dilit. Apparent scribal error. H: delyt.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 3

in the middil of. So MS, possibly following LV. H: amydward þe.↩back to note source

and linage and langage and puple. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 4

place to place. So MS. H: stede to stede.↩back to note source

gud lyf. So MS. H adds: and done wel.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 5

welle. So MS. H: wyne, following AN and Vulgate.↩back to note source

of his leccherie. So MS. H: Of his leccherie dronken alle men.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 6

wyn of Goddis wraththe . . . the cuppe. So MS. H: wyn and of þe water of God þat is menged [mixed] wiþ þe bitternesse of þe chalice.↩back to note source

holi chirche. So MS. H: þe holy, following AN seinz (Fridner, p. 113) and Vulgate sanctorum.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 8

travels, for the werkes of hem suen hem. So MS. H: werkes, forwhi her werkes shullen folowen hem.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 9

here. So H. MS: heþen. Apparent scribal error.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 10

the maidenes sone Marie. So MS and H, following AN come le Fiulz de la virge [like the Son of the virgin] (Fridner, p. 116). Vulgate: similem Filio hominis [like the Son of Man]. LV: lyk the sone of man.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 11

kunnyng of God . . . that is kervynge. So MS. H: juggement þat is comande. H drops a line here between two repetitions of the word bitokened which MS preserves, demonstrating that both are working from an earlier copy text.↩back to note source

That thai. So H. MS: Þat.↩back to note source

bitokeneth that thei desiren. So H. MS: bitokeneþ þat þat þei desiren.↩back to note source

the corun. The word þe is an addition in the left margin of MS whose intended placement in the line is unmarked. This is the only position in the line (yvele and . . . berne that is) which makes sense in context, though it may instead be a scribal error repeating the from the previous line (the yvele). H: his corne.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 12

fier and water. So MS and H, following AN. The Vulgate mentions only ignem [fire]. Interestingly, the LV also disagrees with the Vulgate and lists fyr and water, a rare instance of possible influence from the English Apocalypse, in either its Anglo-Norman or Middle English form, on the Wycliffite translators. See also textual note for 19.¶9, Goddis Sone, below.↩back to note source

“Kit up . . .” So MS. H: and seide, “Kerve of [off] . . .”↩back to note source

karf up. So MS. H: carf of.↩back to note source

horsis. MS and H omit the last phrase in verse 14:20, following AN. LV follows the Vulgate: bi furlongis a thusand and sixe hundrid. See explanatory note for 14.¶13, the thousynde pas.↩back to note source

Chapter 14, Paragraph 13

seyntis . . . seyntis. So MS. H: halewen . . . halewen.↩back to note source

puple. So MS. H: folk.↩back to note source

han taken high digneté. So MS. H: ben connande [wise].↩back to note source

stie. So MS. H: mounten.↩back to note source

pas and sixe hundrid. So MS. H: part and seven hundreþ, an apparent error. See explanatory note.↩back to note source

Chapter 15, Paragraph 4

open hem. So MS. H: open.↩back to note source

which. So MS. Marginal insertion.↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 3

“Lord, rightful thou art . . .” So MS and H, following AN: Vulgate adds: qui es et qui eras sanctus [who is and who was holy]. LV: that art and were holi.↩back to note source

these juges and jugid. MS: þese juges jugid. H: þis juggement.↩back to note source

And. So H. MS: An.↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 4

temptaciouns. So MS. H: dampnacioun.↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 5

blasfemeden. So MS. H: blastengen.↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 6

blasfemeden. So MS. H: blastengen.↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 8

sete. So H. MS: citee.↩back to note source

and therfore thei blasfemen. So MS. H: for her holynesse and forþi þai blastenged.↩back to note source

the est. So MS. H adds: God sende us grace þat we mowen comen to þat waie ȝif it be his wille. Amen.↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 9

And. MS begins this section of biblical text with a rubricated letter A, a style normally reserved for chapter beginnings, and erroneously marks it as the start of Chapter 17 with the note C. xvii tixte. It marks the true start of Chapter 17 in an identical way two pages later (fol. 226r).↩back to note source

foule spiritis. So MS and H. AN: trois espiriz orz [three foul spirits] (Fridner, p. 130). Vulgate: spiritus tres immundos [three unclean spirits]. LV: thre unclene spiritis.↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 11

prechinge of false eretikes. So MS. H: techyng of þe prechyng of þe eretikes.↩back to note source

wondres. So MS. H: wondres and miracles.↩back to note source

be clepid not. So MS. H: ne slepe nouȝth. H translates AN que nos ne saum endormi [that we are not asleep]. MS appears to be a mistranslation, but the reading is attested in another early manuscript, British Library MS Harley 3913.↩back to note source

“risynge temptatiouns.” So MS. H: risyng to temptacioun. A large blank space between these two words in the MS may indicate that the scribe intended to insert to.↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 12

“It is doun.” So MS. H: “Made is.”↩back to note source

eche yle. So MS. H: þe hilles.↩back to note source

blasfemeden Gode for the plage of the hayl. So MS. H: blastengen God for his hevynesse [severity].↩back to note source

Chapter 16, Paragraph 13

false. So MS. H: þe wicked.↩back to note source

iles fledden. So MS. H: hilles shullen fleen.↩back to note source

men schulen. MS: men sculen.↩back to note source

blasfemen. So MS. H: blastengen.↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 1

bordelrye. MS and H follow AN bordelere [bordello, brothel], which mistranslates the Vulgate meretricis [prostitute]. LV: hoore [whore].↩back to note source

here leccherie. So MS. H follows AN in adding: and þai þat wonen in erþe þat ben dronken of þe wyne of his botrye [buttery, wine cellar], but botrye is a mistranslation of AN bordelerie [brothel] (Fridner, p. 137). Fridner suggests that H mistook the word for botelrie [bottle shop], perhaps led by the suggestion of wyne (Fridner, p. 236n). LV: and thei that duellen in the erthe ben made drunken of the wyn of hir leyccherie.↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 2

blasfemye. So MS. H: blessynges. An apparent error for blastynges.↩back to note source

with gold. MS and H, following AN, omit the phrase that follows in the Vulgate: et coccino [and scarlet]. LV: and reed [red].↩back to note source

hir, Mysterie Babilon, the gret moder of fornicaciouns. So MS, possibly following LV. H: þe prince of Babiloyne, þe grete see of þe see of leccherie. The mistranslation prince may be a misreading of privité, which appears in most other English Apocalypse manuscripts (Fridner, p. 139) — Plimpton is the only manuscript to use Mysterie, which parallels the LV. H’s see [sea] is likely a misreading of the AN mere [mother] as mer [sea].↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 3

The grette see . . . schewide to Seynt Jon. So MS. H: Þat þe aungel shewed to Seint Johan þhe dampnacioun of þe grete bordelrie.↩back to note source

profetis. So MS. H: religioun.↩back to note source

bordelrie. So MS. H: botrye. (See textual note for 17.¶1, above.)↩back to note source

after her likyng. That the name of priveté. So MS. H: and turnen after her lyvyng. Þat þe name of þe prince.↩back to note source

That he seith. MS: That that he seith.↩back to note source

modir of fornicaciouns. So MS. H: see of leccherie and of abhominacioun.↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 4

And. MS begins this section of biblical text with a rubricated letter A, a style normally reserved for chapter beginnings.↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 5

and schal go out up of the deppe. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

world. MS and H omit the final phrase in verse 17:8. LV: seynge the beest that was and is not.↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 6

sevene. MS and H omit the final phrase in verse 17:11. LV: and shal go into periysshing.↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 7

power as kyng is oon our. So MS. H: her kyngdomes, ac kyng is a lite [little] houre.↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 8

that thou hast seien wher the bordelrie . . . hornes that thou seie in the beeste. So MS. H: þat þou seiȝ oure best.↩back to note source

her wille. So H and MS. AN: que lur plest [what they pleased]. Vulgate: quod placitum est illi [what was pleasing to them]. LV: that that is pleesaunt to him.↩back to note source

gyve. So MS. H: divisen.↩back to note source

kyngis of erthe. So MS. H: erþe.↩back to note source

Chapter 17, Paragraph 9

bi understondyng. So MS. H: blynde.↩back to note source

mountis. So MS. H: names.↩back to note source

and Anticrist. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

of folk. So H. MS: of flok.↩back to note source

that summe. So MS. H: þat God suffreþ that summe.↩back to note source

kyngis . . . kyngis. So MS. H: þinges . . . þinges.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 1

leccherie. So MS. H: his leccherie.↩back to note source

the marchaundis of erthe been. MS and H omit part of verse 18:3. LV: and kingis of the erthe and marchandis of the erthe diden fornicacion with hir, and thei ben.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 2

fleischli wisdam that is for wynnynge, and that is coveitise. So MS. H: fleshlich delyt. Wisdom is bitokned coveitise by.↩back to note source

ambicioun, and that bitokeneth. So MS. H: is bitokned.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 3

hath recordid. So MS. H: bereþ witnesse.↩back to note source

Yeldith to hir as sche yeld to hem. So MS. H: Ȝelde hem as þai ȝelden to þee. Throughout this passage, H uses both singular and plural pronouns for Babylon. See explanatory note for 14.¶5, his leccherie.↩back to note source

double hir double. So MS. H: dubble.↩back to note source

sche medlede. So MS. H: hy mengen.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 4

fornicacioun. So MS. H adds: þat is leccherie.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 5

techith us. So MS. H: precheþ.↩back to note source

“I am not widowe”. So MS. H: he can nouȝth seen.↩back to note source

the wepynge. So MS. H: þe ded.↩back to note source

hungir. So MS. H: hundreþ.↩back to note source

withouten ende. So H. MS: wiþ ende.↩back to note source

and that. So H. MS: þat.↩back to note source

orrour. So MS. H: errour.↩back to note source

leesen. So MS. H: maken of her heiȝe kynde þat þai shullen lesen.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 6

purpre. MS and H omit the second half of verse 18:12 and verses 13–14, and these also do not appear in most AN manuscripts (Fridner, p. 240n). LV: [12] “. . . and of silk and coccyn [scarlet cloth] and eche tre tyme [cypress] and alle vessels of yver [ivory] and alle vessels of precious stoon and of bras and of iren and of marbil [13] and canel [cinnamon] and amonye [aromatic plants] and of swete smellinge thingis and oynementis and encense and of wyn and of oile and of flour and of wheete and of werk beestis and of sheep and of horsis and of cartis and of servauntis and other lifes of men. [14] And thine applis of the desir of thi lyf wenten awei fro thee, and alle fatte thingis and ful clere periysshiden fro thee.”↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 7

and jemmes. So MS. H: and preciouse stones and of gemmes.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 8

ech governoure and alle . . . maryneres and thei that werken. So MS. H: in hym þat governed hem þat weldeþ hem alle and þai þat wrouȝtten.↩back to note source

and seiden. So H. MS omits.↩back to note source

“Suche a citee was nevere.” So MS and H, following AN. Vulgate: Quae similis civitati huic magnae? [What is similar to this great city?]. LV: What is lyk this greet citee?↩back to note source

Joieth upon hym . . . dome of hir. So MS, possibly influenced by LV. H: Hevene is heiȝer upon hym and þe apostles and þe prophetes, whi God jugged ȝoure juggement upon hem. And þai shullen have joye that God haþ venged hem. Fridner (p. 241n) notes that AN contains only a paraphrase of this passage, so H’s translation (and mistranslation) is taken directly from the Vulgate.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 9

selleres. So MS. H: sellers of erþe ben þise fals prophetes.↩back to note source

symonyes. So MS. H: þise gavelers [usurers].↩back to note source

and the holy maken joye. MS: maken joye and the holy. Emended for sense. H: and þe holy forto make joye.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 10

of pipe. So MS. H: of styve [bagpipe].↩back to note source

vois of mynstralsie. So MS. H: ne voice ne no mynstralcye ne shal neuermore ben herd in hire. MS and H both omit the second half of verse 22. LV: And ech crafti man [craftsman] and ech crafte shal no more be founden in it, and the vois of mylnestoon [sound of the millstone] shal no more be herd in thee.↩back to note source

no more lighten hir. So MS. H: nevermore be seen in it.↩back to note source

in hir venym doyngis alle folkis han errid. So MS. H: he in his vanités florissheþ alle men. Fridner notes that H’s mistranslation comes from a corruption in AN, which uses vanitez for venims (pp. 157, 241n).↩back to note source

founden in it. So MS. H: founden in hym. MS and H both omit the second half of verse 24. LV: and of alle men that ben slayn in erthe.↩back to note source

Chapter 18, Paragraph 11

diverse tormentis. So MS. H: in divers instrumentz.↩back to note source

Bi the harpe. So MS. H: By þe art.↩back to note source

here servyse as knyghtis. So MS. H: þe servise of þe clerkes. Fridner proposes H clerkes is a mistranslation of AN chevaler [knight] (p. 242n).↩back to note source

aughten to techen . . . bi preysyng and lordschipe. So MS. H: shulden governen oþere and techen.↩back to note source

hir venym. So MS. H: his comyng.↩back to note source

Chapter 19, Paragraph 1

with hir grete bordelrie. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

“Alleluia.” So MS. H: Allas.↩back to note source

Chapter 19, Paragraph 5

grete troupe. So MS. H: grete trumpe. H accurately translates AN grant boesine (Fridner, p. 160); MS may be a scribal error for troumpe or may be translating Vulgate turbae magnae [great crowds]. LV: greet trumpe.↩back to note source

“Alleluia.” So MS. H: Alleluya, id est saluum me fac deus [that is, God save me]. This phrase in H is written in a separate scribal hand and is perhaps a later addition.↩back to note source

the weddyngis of the Lomb. So MS, possibly following LV. H: richesses of soule. H is a mistranslation.↩back to note source

it is gove to hir that sche clothe hir with bisse clene. So MS. H: hir is ȝoven hylyng of his lyf cloth clere.↩back to note source

justifiyngis. So MS, possibly following LV. H: riȝtwisenesse.↩back to note source

Chapter 19, Paragraph 6

to me. So MS. H: to me, “Write . . .”↩back to note source

clepid. So MS, possibly following LV. H: cloþed.↩back to note source

Chapter 19, Paragraph 7

aungelis feet. So MS. H: aungel.↩back to note source

as thou. So MS. H: and þi servaunt.↩back to note source

Worschip thou God. So MS, following LV. H: and worschipen God. MS and H omit the last phrase of verse 19:10. LV: for the wittnessing of Jhesu is spiritt of profecie.↩back to note source

Chapter 19, Paragraph 8

ourned. So MS. H: honoured.↩back to note source

bitokeneth that thei ben clepid . . . and wele lyven. So MS. H: to his bridale in þis lyve, þoo ben þai þat stedfastlich bileven and wel loven.↩back to note source

Chapter 19, Paragraph 9

Goddis Sone. So MS and H, and all other manuscripts of the English Apocalypse, following the AN. However, the Vulgate reads Verbum Dei [Word of God]. Remarkably, the LV also has the Sone of Godde, possibly a rare instance of the English Apocalypse influencing the Wycliffite translators. See also textual note for 14.¶12, fier and water, above.↩back to note source

white hors. MS: þe white hors. The marginal addition þe is in a separate hand and alters the accurate sense of the passage, that all the host of heaven ride white horses. H: white horses.↩back to note source

and. So H. MS: an.↩back to note source

tredith the pressoure of the wyne of Goddis wraththe. So MS. H: hath the pressoure of Goddes wraþþe.↩back to note source

on his hipe. So MS. H: in his kepyng.↩back to note source

Chapter 19, Paragraph 10

lyven. So MS. H: bileven. Both words have the same meaning and translate AN croere [to believe].↩back to note source

bi quentise . . . vertues and of good werkis. So MS. H: and wiþ coveitise aȝein þe werlde, and wiþ pacience aȝein adversites and richesses, fiȝtten wiþ queyntise aȝein the flesshe, and wiþ discrecioun and abstinence and sternesse of penaunce and in clennesse stonden in vertu of gode werkes.↩back to note source

as robes that ben clade with right bileve. So MS. H: his robes þat he is cloþed wiþ, bileven.↩back to note source

Chapter 19, Paragraph 11

foules. So MS. H: soules. H is an error.↩back to note source

kyngis. So MS. H: kynges and þe flesshe of þe cheventaynes [governors] and þe flesshe of þe stronge, following AN and Vulgate.↩back to note source

Chapter 20, Paragraph 1

And. MS: nd. The large rubricated initial that would normally appear at the start of the chapter is missing here, but three lines are indented to leave space for it.↩back to note source

depnesse. So MS. H: derknesse.↩back to note source

Chapter 20, Paragraph 2

risyng agen . . . rysyng agen. So MS. H: resureccioun . . . resureccioun.↩back to note source

Chapter 20, Paragraph 3

for ler. So H. MS: for love.↩back to note source

wole plese God. So MS. H: wil queme [please, serve] God.↩back to note source

sothfast schrift. So MS. H: soþfast þouȝth.↩back to note source

Chapter 20, Paragraph 4

sitte on the heyghest of erthe. So MS. H: stiȝen up [ascended] upon þe heiȝest of þe erþe. Each manuscript translates just a portion of the AN original: munterunt & se apoerunt sure la hautesce de la terre [they mounted up and sat themselves on the height of the earth] (Fridner, p. 172). Vulgate: ascenderunt super latitudinem terrae [they ascended over the breadth of the earth]. LV: thei stieden up on the broodnesse of erthe.↩back to note source

Chapter 20, Paragraph 5

feend. MS: feed. H: fende.↩back to note source

And by Magog ben bitokned the fals prophetes. So H. MS omits, a scribal error.↩back to note source

setten her power . . . that God loveth. So MS. H: ben sett al aboute þe holy houses and þe cités þat God loveþ bitokneþ þat þai shullen setten her power aȝein the bileve and aȝein alle þe sacrementz of holy chirche as þorouȝ prechyng and fals wondres and tourmentz.↩back to note source

amenden hem. So MS. H adds: wiþouten ende.↩back to note source

Chapter 20, Paragraph 6

thei myghten reste. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

jugid. So MS. H: noyed.↩back to note source

dede that werren. So MS. H: deþ þat was.↩back to note source

deed men. So MS, with a marginal note adding men in a separate scribal hand. H omits.↩back to note source

in helle. And thei been sent. So MS. H: And helle and þe dede ben sent. In MS, the word and appears before in helle with a strikethrough, and a slash appears after helle to denote a phrase ending. This could indicate a scribal error or a deliberate revision of the original phrase; in either case, it is a departure from both AN and the Vulgate, which H follows. LV: And helle and deeth weren sente.↩back to note source

secounde deth. So MS. H adds: Þe ponde of fyre.↩back to note source

Chapter 20, Paragraph 7

coveitouse men. So MS. H: coveitouse and þe proude.↩back to note source

temporal. So MS. H: werldelich. AN: temporeus (Fridner, p. 176).↩back to note source

nameli thei that dien in mysbileve and. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 1

And. The large rubricated initial that would normally appear at the start of the chapter is missing in MS, but three lines are indented to leave space for it, and a small a appears in the left margin.↩back to note source

ourned. So MS, possibly following LV. H: honoured.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 2

“Writ thou, for these been most trewe wordis and verrey.” So MS. H: Write. Þise wordes ben faiþful and trewe.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 3

“It is doon.” So MS. H: Made is.↩back to note source

been athirst. MS: been a first. H: han þrest.↩back to note source

and to venym doeres. So MS. H: and ymagerie.↩back to note source

pond. MS: bond. H: ponde.↩back to note source

that is. MS: þat þat is.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 4

That he seith. So H. MS: Þat þat he seiþ.↩back to note source

schal do awey. MS: do au. H omits awey, but it is attested by several manuscripts (Fridner, p. 180).↩back to note source

verrey goodis. So MS. H: soþfast godes.↩back to note source

and overcomen. So MS. H: and overcomen þe werlde and oure flesshe, and þat is þat he seiþ he shal overcomen. The omission may be deliberate but is likely a copying error.↩back to note source

now oneli. So MS. H: nouȝth onlich.↩back to note source

been to hem God, and thei schulen benn my sones. So MS. H: be his God, and he shal be my son.↩back to note source

so arewe hertis. So MS. H: sorouȝ of herte.↩back to note source

wedlak. So MS. H: spouse.↩back to note source

fleisch. So MS. H adds: aȝeins God.↩back to note source

lieres. So MS. H: heriȝers [worshipers].↩back to note source

secounde deth. So H. MS: secounde.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 5

brightnesse of God. So MS. H adds: and his liȝth.↩back to note source

ferde. MS: is an ferde. An apparent scribal error; see MED, faren (v.), sense 14: “To be, appear, or seem (like something else).” Emended for sense. H: semed.↩back to note source

hade twelve. MS: hade þe twelve, with þe erased but still legible.↩back to note source

sones of Irael. So MS, possibly following LV. H: childer of Israel.↩back to note source

northhalf. So MS. H: southward þre ȝates and to þe northward. The omission is a clear error, since MS later comments on the southern gates in the gloss (21.¶7).↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 7

of werkis. So MS. H: of þe vertu of þe werkes.↩back to note source

predicacioun. So MS. H: prechyng.↩back to note source

penaunce, and. So H. MS: penaunce of.↩back to note source

the twelve patriarkis. MS: þe þe twelve patriarkis.↩back to note source

the right bileve. So MS. H: stedfast bileve and soþfast hope.↩back to note source

loveth and the more. So MS. H: loveþ. Þe more he loveþ, þe more.↩back to note source

heighte of citee. So MS. H: heiȝtte of þe cité þat ben even.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 9

governen. So MS. H: techen.↩back to note source

and the profetis. So MS. H omits.↩back to note source

verrey feith. So MS. H: good bileve.↩back to note source

Sardonycle. So MS. H: Sardoyne [sard, carnelian], an apparent error. See explanatory note, Sardonycle that is of thre coloures.↩back to note source

therwith techen. So MS. H: her wytt techen.↩back to note source

of the cleer. So MS. H: of gold and of clere.↩back to note source

wise religioun. So MS. H: wise religiouse.↩back to note source

kunnen confermen. So MS. H: connen confourmen.↩back to note source

colour mengid. So MS. H: colour medle.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 10

And the twelve. So MS. H: And in þe twelve.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 11

And the folkis . . . glorie and honour. So MS, possibly influenced by LV. H: And þe kynges of erþe shullen gon into hym into his blis and in her honoures.↩back to note source

daye, and nyght schal not be there. So MS, following LV. H: niȝth, for þere ne shal be no niȝth.↩back to note source

thei schulen bryng glorie and honour of hethene men into hir. So MS, possibly influenced by LV since AN is missing this verse (see explanatory note). H: þe folk schal goo into her glorie and into her blis.↩back to note source

Chapter 21, Paragraph 12

stretis of the cité. So MS. H: sterres of þe cité.↩back to note source

wexe more. So MS. H: were more and more.↩back to note source

schit bi day. So MS. H: shett aniȝth.↩back to note source

that he conferme. So MS. H: he confourme.↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 1

ech cursid thing schal no more be. So MS, following LV. H: wreþþing [anger, cursing] ne shal be no more.↩back to note source

serven hym. So MS. A line that follows is struck out: and þei schulen servene hym.↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 2

the twelve. So H. MS: þe þe twelve.↩back to note source

patriarkis and apostlis. So MS. H: þe patriarkes and þe prophetes.↩back to note source

cursid thing. So MS. H: wariȝing [cursing].↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 4

It is expouned biforn. So MS. H: Þe understondyng of þis may wel ben understonden, for it is seide bifore and þerfore it is no myster [need] to writen it. An addition to the Vulgate that originates with AN (Fridner, p. 199).↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 5

nygh. He that noiez . . . be halewid yit. So MS, following LV. H: nere honde. [11] Þat anoieþ ȝete and þat is in filþe, in filþe is ȝete, and holy shal be holy ȝete.↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 6

thei that poysounnen. So MS. H: þe hunters þat poyson.↩back to note source

foule and the homycides. So MS. H: þe foule homicides.↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 7

Joon to hiden this. So MS. H: forto hide þis book.↩back to note source

goostli. MS: goostl. Scribal error. H: gostlich.↩back to note source

not here trust. So MS. H: nouȝth her bileve.↩back to note source

heren lesyngis. So MS. H adds: and loven to heren hem.↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 9

Spirit and the spouse. So H. MS: Spirit of þe spouse.↩back to note source

seith, “Kum.” MS and H omit the sentence that follows. LV: And he that heerith [hears], seie he, “Come thou.”↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 10

undo the folk. So MS. H: his folk.↩back to note source

“Cum thu to me.” So MS. H: Come.↩back to note source

understonden. So H. MS: undstonden.↩back to note source

water of lyf. So MS. H adds: þat evermore shal last.↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 11

lasse. So MS. H: lette [withhold, hinder].↩back to note source

the book of lyf. So MS. H: þe part of þe book of lyf.↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 13

you. So MS. H: us.↩back to note source

Chapter 22, Paragraph 14

profecye. So MS. H: soþfast lettre.↩back to note source

pleten with. So MS. H: pleden wiþ al forto wynnen.↩back to note source

and makith. So MS. H: and wake.↩back to note source

nede to been alle wey redy. So MS. H: myster to ben alway redy.↩back to note source

Maries. So H. The word in MS contains an erasure that removes part of the r and i.↩back to note source

with stedfast bileve and bynd it with trust hope. So MS. H: þorouȝ riȝt bileve and bynde it wiþ stedfast hope.↩back to note source

bilevene and dien. So MS. H: lyven and dyen.↩back to note source

Amen. MS ends here. The following line begins the next text in the Plimpton MS, titled The Proverbes, which is a list of proverbial sayings and paraphrases from the Old Testament. H adds: The Apocalips on Englissh here now makeþ ende. / Unto þe blis of heven, God grante us grace to wende.↩back to note source