Textual Notes to Le chasteau d'amour and Translation

rubric

Mestre Robert Le Grosceteste. So B. In place of this, L has a three-line prose incipit in Anglo-Norman: Ce est La uie de duz ihesu de sa humanite fet e ordine de seint Robert Grosseteste ke fu eueske de Nichole ke nus dit cete parole [This is the life of sweet Jesus, of His humanity, created and arranged by holy Robert Grosseteste, who was bishop of Lincoln, who tells us this account] (Nichole was the AN translation for the name Lincoln). This is followed by a Latin prologue:

Tractatus in lingua romana secundum dominum Robertum Grosseteste episcopum lincolniensis

De principio creationis mundi

De medio et fine

De amissione mundi per peccatum

De restauratione eiusdem per misericordiam

De rege et filio suo unico patri suo equali

Et de quatuor filiabus suis silicet de misericordia et ueritate et de iusticia et pace

Item de aduentu ihesu christi quomodo intrauit in quoddam castellum quod fuit corpus uirginis intemerate Marie et de proprietate castelli Item de propheta ysaia dicente puer natus est nobis et filius datus est nobis et uocabitur nomen eius admirabilis consiliarius deus fortis pater futuri seculi princeps pacis Item

De fine seculi et de die iudicii Item

De penis inferni et de gaudiis celi

Et quamuis lingua romana coram clericis saporem suauitatis non habeat tamen pro laicis qui minus intelligunt opiculum istud aptum est Quia prudens lector qui norit suggere mel de petra oleumque de saxo durissimo scriptum inueniet plenum dulcedine in quo continentur omnes articuli fidei tam diuinitatis quam humanitatis

[A treatise in the Roman language (i.e., French), according to Master Robert Grosseteste, bishop of Lincoln. On the beginning of the world’s creation. On the middle and end. On the loss of the world through sin. On the resurrection of the same through mercy. On the King and His only Son, equal to His Father. And on His four daughters, namely on Mercy and Truth and on Justice and Peace. Also, on the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ, how He entered a certain castle that was the body of the Virgin Mary inviolate and on the property of the castle. Also on the prophet Isaiah, saying, “A Child is born unto us, and a Son is given unto us, and His name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, God the Mighty, Father of the age to come, Prince of Peace.” Also, on the end of the age and Judgment Day. Also, on the punishment of hell and the joys of heaven. And although the Roman language (i.e., French) does not have the flavor of sweetness before the clergy, yet for the laity who understand less, this little work is suitable. Because the prudent reader, who knows how to suck honey from a stone and oil from the hardest rock, will find the writing full of sweetness, in which are contained all the articles of faith, both of divinity and of humanity.]

Murray likewise includes the Latin prologue from a different manuscript (p. 87), presumably Oxford, Corpus Christi College Library, MS 232 (ca. 1250), which appears to be the base text of Murray’s edition (the edition does not specify, but see Sajavaara, p. 37). For other versions of the Latin prologue and additional vernacular prologues, see Appendix I in Mackie-Chasteu (pp. 192–97).

Ky. B has a five-line decorated initial K.

put. So B. L: deit. Murray: poet.

bien fet. So B, Murray. L: bon oure.

Trestuz. So B, L. Murray: Tuz.

al mund sunt. So B. L, Murray: sunt el mund.

5–6

De ky . . . al mund sunt. Beginning at this point, the scribe of L writes two verses (separated by a punctus) on each line.

Tuz. B has a two-line decorated initial T.

de Deu. So B. L, Murray: de.

E. So B. L, Murray: Mes.

purrunt. So B (t added with caret), L. Murray: poüm.

le. So L, Murray. B: la.

De ebreu, de greu, e de latin. So B. L: De ebreu ne de latin. Murray: D’ebreu, de griu ne de latin.

Pur. So Murray. B: E pur. L: Por. Emended for sense.

De bouche. B: De bouche e. L: Ne buche. Murray: Ke la buche. Emended for sense.

Ke ne. So B. L, Murray: Ne.

pur. So B, L. Murray: de.

E. So B, L. Murray: Ne.

pronuncier. So B. L, Murray: nuncier.

Ke. So B, L. Murray: E ke.

Le. So B, L. Murray: En li.

il doné est. So B. L: donez estait. Murray: donez est.

A Adam. So B, Murray. L: Adam.

E. So Murray. B, L: En. Emended for sense.

o taunt douçour. So B. L: e tant de atur. Murray: od tant d’onur.

ne voyl jeo pas. So B. L: nel uoil ge pas. Murray: ne le voil pas.

descrire. So B, Murray. L: descriuere.

a. So B. L, Murray: a ma.

Ke. So B, Murray. L: Car.

Deus tout. B: tout. L: deus tot. Murray: Deus tut. Emended for sense.

Al setime. So B, Murray. L: e al setime iur.

Oÿez. B has a two-line decorated initial O.

45–46

Ceil e . . . tut bien veyt. Line order as in B, L. Murray: lines transposed.

en cel. So B. L: a icel. Murray: a iceu.

ke est. So B. L: kil nest. Murray: ke ne est.

esteit. So B, L. Murray: si cler.

ore. So B, Murray. L: ke ore.

de la. So B. L, Murray: de.

Tutes. So B, Murray. L: Ke tute.

e a. So B. L, Murray: a.

furent. So B. L: estoient. Murray: esteient.

forfet. So Murray. B: forfeut. L: forfait.

urent. So B. A variation of the third plural preterite of aver. L: auoient. Murray: aveient, the third plural indicative imperfect of aver. See AND, aver2 (v.), pret.6 and ind.impf.6.

la cheisun. So B. L: la chesun. Murray: l’encheson.

le plus doucement. So B. L, Murray: plus chierement.

Kant Deu. So L, Murray. B: Kant. Emended for sense. B has a two-line decorated initial K.

ne. So B. L: ni. Murray: n’i.

herbes, e. So B. L, Murray: erbe ne.

Pessuns. So B. L: Pessun. Murray: Peisson.

oyseaus. So B. L, Murray: oisel.

devums. So B. L: deuum nus. Murray: devum nus.

Le fist. So L, Murray. B: Ke fust. Emended for sense.

ne li pout plus. So B. L: plus nel pout. Murray: plus ne li pout.

former. So B, Murray. L: li former.

mené. So B, Murray. L: amene.

Une. So B. L, Murray: E une.

83–84

Une coste . . . a lui fist. B: written on the same line.

sa compaingne a lui fist. So B. L: il sa compaine fist. Murray: il sa compaigne lui fist.

E en. So B, Murray. L: En.

pus. So B, L. Murray: la.

e franc. So B, Murray. L: franc.

voler. So Murray. B: valer. L: uoloir. Emended for sense.

E1. So B. L: Tot. Murray: Tut.

icel. So L. B: a icel. Murray: itel. Emended for sense.

Par. So B, Murray. L: De.

kaun. So B. L: kant. Murray: ceus ki.

E par orguil del ciel. So L. B: Du cel deske aval. Murray: E par orgoil del ciel. Emended to clarify the allusion to the fall of Lucifer and the other fallen angels.

100

E en. So B. L, Murray: E pus en.

101

Pus. So B. L: E apres. Murray: E pus.

102

ne le. So B, Murray. L: ne.

103

e sanz. So B. L, Murray: sanz.

104

lores. So B, Murray. L: donkes.

106

au ciel fussent. B: au cil fussen. L: fussent a ciel. Murray: el ciel fussent. Emended for sense.

107

ici. So B. L: si. Murray: ja.

108

Grant1. So B, Murray. L: tant.

109

ciel en. So B. L: cel. Murray: itel.

113

queles. So B. L: quele. Murray: queus.

114

La une fu la natureles. So B. L: le une si fu naturele. Murray: La une fu la natureus.

117

out. So B. L: lout. Murray: le out.

118

fu nomé. So B. L, Murray: est apelé.

119

Ceo ke il defent al. So B. L: Cele ke defent a. Murray: Cele ki defent a le.

121

deveez. So B, L (both as deueez). Murray: veez.

122

sachez si la. So B, L. Murray: bien sachez si la.

124

Sanz. So B, Murray. L: tut sanz.

125

si vus le. So B. L: si le. Murray: se le.

comandement. So B, L. Murray: comand.

129

paradis. So B. L, Murray: paraïs.

132

ele decline. So B. L: decline. Murray: se decline.

134

en grant. So B. L, Murray: a grant.

136

trespassa. Written around hole in L.

139

A ki. So B. L, Murray: Ke.

142

paraïs. So B, Murray. L: parays e.

145

la. So B, L. Murray: sa.

146

querra. So B, L. Murray: guerra.

152

entuché. So B. L, Murray: enteché. The word in B is “poisoned,” from AND, entuscher, “to poison,” whereas L and Murray have “tainted,” from AND, entecher (v.), “to affect, taint.”

153

le ciel. So B, Murray. L: ciel.

154

de sa. So B. L: sa. Murray: part de sa.

157

Ke. So B, L. Murray: Ke ke.

160

breve. So L (breue). B: greue. Murray: brieve. Emended for sense.

161

Est. So B. L: Ce est. Murray: Ceo est.

165

a fine. So B. L: fine. Murray: e fine.

166

par dreit. So B, Murray. L: apres.

167

Encore en. So B. L: E vncore a. Murray: E encore a.

168

Use. So Murray. B: Vsen. L: Vse. Emended for sense.

170

de. So B. L: as. Murray: a le.

171

avant. So B (auant), Murray. L: devant.

172

en. So B. L: ken. Murray: k’en.

173

Ore est. So B. L: Nest il. Murray: N’est-il.

176

a en. So B. L: a. Murray: e.

178

Herité. So B. L: ne heritage. Murray: Heritez.

179

Pus ke. So L, Murray. B: Pus k. Emended for sense.

181

Ne il n’iert. So B. L: Ne il iert. Murray: Ne il ne iert.

190

E ke il. So B. L: e ke il. Murray: E k’il. Emended for sense.

193

Celes. So B. L, Murray: E celes.

194

al. So B. L: del. Murray: du.

197

De. So B, Murray. L: Pur.

198

E ki. So B, Murray. L: ki.

200

cel. So B. L, Murray: tel.

201

reposera. So B, Murray. L: reposerai.

202

dirrai. So Murray. B: durrai. L: dirai. Emended for sense.

203

acord. So B. L: tuche. Murray: toche.

204

le voil ici escrire. So B. L: le uoil ge en descrire. Murray: le voil ici descrire.

205

Uns. B has a two-line decorated initial U.

206

e de. So B. L, Murray: de.

207

cist. So B, L. Murray: icel.

208

ses sens. So B. L, Murray: son sen.

210

E si est. So B. L: si fu. Murray: Si est.

la. So B, L. Murray: sa.

211

e de une pussance. So B. L: de une pussance. Murray: d’une substance.

212

e de une sustance. So B. L: de une sustance. Murray: d’une puissance.

214

pendoit. So B. L: apendoit. Murray: apendeit.

216

chever. So B. L: acheuer. Murray: achever.

217

cel. So B, L. Murray: icest.

218

E chescune. So B. L: e a checune. Murray: A chescune.

219

de. So B. L, Murray: de sa.

220

sun sen. So B, Murray. L: sun sens. L’s sens is a singular form and technically a different word (see AND, sen1 [n.]; sens1 [n.]).

221

E a chescune. B: E chescune est. L: E a checune. Murray: A chescune. Emended for sense.

222

a lui. So B. L: li. Murray: a li.

223

ad. So B. L: a. Murray: out.

225

sun. So B. L, Murray: lur.

avenoit. So B. L: auoit. Murray: aveneit.

228

ové. So B (oue). L: en. Murray: od. Oue “can be interpreted either as ové or as a variant of od1” (AND, ové [prep.]).

229

Bien. So B, L. Murray: Bon.

ke lor nuns. So L. B: lores ke nus. Murray: ke lur nons. Emended for sense.

232

La autre. So B. L: e lautre. Murray: E l’autre.

233

Justize la tierce. So B, Murray. L: la tierce iustise.

234

ad a. So B, Murray. L: si ad.

235

ces. So B. L: les. Murray: celes.

237

Icest. So B. Murray: Icel. L: Cist.

di. So B, Murray. L: di ci.

In L the bottom half of the leaf comprising folios 96r and 96v contains four holes; thus, from this point to line 330, some portions of the text in L are written around the holes, affecting lines 237–38, 241, 243, 250, 252, 260, and 262 on 96r, and lines 302, 304, 308, 310, 315, 317, 325, and 327 on 96v. I only include a textual note in specific instances when this affects the arrangement of lines in the poem, as here, where the hole separating the words rois and dunt in this line disrupts the lineation beginning in the next line; see textual note to lines 238–40, below, for details.

238

ert mauballi. So B. L: mult fu mal bailli. Murray: iert mal bailli.

239

graunt. So B. L: gref. Murray: grant.

238–40

Un serf . . . out fet. The usual lineation of two verses per line in L is disrupted because of a hole in the parchment. Line 237 and the first part of 238 are written on one line, but line 238 is continued onto the subsequent line: vn serf out ke mult / fu mal bailli, with mal bailli written around the hole in the parchment; line 239 follows on the same line, with line 240, uncharacteristically for L, by itself on the subsequent line.

240

fet. So B. L: mesfait. Murray: feit.

241–42

Par esgard . . . gref turment. Beginning with these verses, the L scribe resumes writing two verses per line.

244

prisun. So B. L: gref prisun. Murray: grief prison.

245

Kar. So L, Murray. B: Ka. Emended for sense.

249

Misericorde. B has a two-line decorated initial M.

250

Tantost. So B, L. Murray: Tant.

251

se put. So B. L: sen put. Murray: se en poet.

254

E pur. So L, Murray. B: A. Emended for sense.

255

fet. So B, Murray. L: dist.

258

De douçour. So B. L: e de merci. Murray: E de duçur.

260

Kar oyez dunke ma preere. A hole in the parchment in L between oiez and dunc takes up enough space in this line that the scribe writes priere on the line above preceded by a pilcrow to distinguish it from the end of line 258.

262

venir put. So B. L: il pust venir. Murray: venir peüst.

263

mi. So B, Murray. L: mi lu de.

264

Avez en greve prisun. So B. L: en gref prisun auez. Murray: Avez en grief prison.

269–70

E rendu lur seit fauseté, / E le prisun a moy bayllé. So B. L: E fausete lur lor soit rendu e le prison a moi uendu. Murray: Et fauseté lur seit rendu / E le prison a mei rendu.

272

De1. So B. L, Murray: E de.

276

lui. So B. L: li. Murray: celui.

278

merci. B: mercie: i added above with caret to mark insertion point and final -e expunged.

283

Iste vu Verité. B: Iste vus uerite (emended for sense to singular form). L, Murray: E Verité. Without noting the variant in B, the textual note in Murray records a similar reading, ceo veu, in London, British Library, MS Egerton 846B, copied about 1325 (so dated in Thomson, Writings of Robert Grosseteste, p. 154). These variants could translate either as “This vow,” referring to lines 281–82 of Mercy’s speech or “This sight,” referring to lines 284–86, where Mercy bows down in her plea to free the prisoner. B has a two-line decorated initial I.

287

ci est. So B. L: sest. Murray: s’est.

289

ay. So B. L: ai. Murray: si ai.

290

ne le. So B, Murray. L: ne la.

291

ma. So B, Murray. L: de ma.

296

De. So B. L, Murray: E.

300

queus. So B, L. Murray: ki.

304

De. So B. L, Murray: E de.

305

si. So B. L, Murray: fors. B’s reading is not an error, as the word si can mean “except” after a negative clause; see AND, si1 (conj.), sense 4.

311

E. B has a two-line decorated initial E.

amunt. So B. L, Murray: tant.

312

idit. So B. L: dist. Murray: dit a.

315

Tut tes. So B. L: Tute. Murray: Tuz tes.

316

ta. So B. L, Murray: tes.

317

parler. So B, Murray. L: parle.

322

a. So B, L. Murray: a sa.

323

Pus. So B. L, Murray: E pus.

a. So B, Murray. L: de.

324

memes ad surté. So B. L: memes a sente. Murray: nus a sevré.

325

couplé est. So B. L: comples se nest. Murray: couplez se est.

326

deit. So B, Murray. L: doit il.

327

eynces. So B. L: tu enceis. Murray: tu einceis.

330

Verité le determine. So B. L: uerite le termine. Murray: vienge le termine.

331

voilles. So B, Murray. L: uoleies.

336

Kant ke. So B. L: quant qil. Murray: Kant ke il.

par. So B, L. Murray: part. Boulton points out that part in Murray’s edition is a mistake (see p. 67n29).

337

Ore est. So B. L, Murray: E. B has a two-line decorated initial O.

atisce. So B. L: atuse. Murray: l’atice. See AND, enticer (v.).

338

dampner le veut. So B, Murray. L: pus si la iuge.

339

Ne i ad nul. So B. L: Ni a nul. Murray: Ne i ad nus.

bien. So B, Murray. L: len.

340

Pus ke pité ne est oÿe. L omits this line.

341

A. So B. L, Murray: Ha.

342

en est grevez. So B, Murray. L: est esgares.

343

garir. So B (with greuer expunged and garir written above the expunged word), L, Murray.

345

Trestut. So B, L. Murray: E trestut.

348

si. So L, Murray. B: sil, with l expunged.

349

li. So B, L. Murray: les.

351

Tuz. So B, L. Murray: Ki tuz.

352

Saunz merci. So B. L: Sanz merci. Murray: Mes sanz merci.

354

torner. So B (tornir, with i expunged and e written above it), L. Murray: turner.

358

issilé. So B. Murray: exillé. L: exile. Issiller is a variant of exiler; see AND, exiler (v.).

360

ne seit. So B. L: nunt. Murray: ne unt.

361

les unt undes neez. So B. L: les unt nus enueies (Murray’s note records mis enneies). Murray: unt les undes neiez.

362

uit. B: vth. Murray: viii. L omits this line. Emended for sense, as Noah and his wife, together with their three sons and wives add up to eight, not five.

364

Iceus. So B, Murray. L: ki.

367

ent. So L, Murray. B: yent. Emended for sense.

368

si. So B. L, Murray: si tres.

371

Adunke. B has a two-line decorated initial A.

dit. So B. L, Murray: ad dit.

al Rei. So B. L: an (au?) iri (perhaps a scribal error for rei). Murray: au rei.

372

ore a. So B, Murray. L: a.

374

Yssue. So B. L: issue. Murray: E issue.

375

Devaunt te dei estre oÿe. So B. L: pus ke pite ne est oie. Murray: Devant tei dei estre oïe.

376

Mes deus. So B, Murray. L: Mes.

seurs. So B, with e written above and insertion point marked. L: sorors. Murray: sorurs.

375–76

Devaunt te . . . unt guerpie. L inverts these lines.

382

d’eluc fuïe. So B. L: diluc finie. Murray: de illuc fuïe.

384

destance. So B. L, Murray: desestance.

385

hastie. So B, Murray. L: batye.

386

a. So B. Murray, L: en.

389

garder. So B, Murray. L: sauuer.

391

Mes. So B, Murray. L: Fors.

sauvee. So B, L (both as sauuee), Murray. O: gardee.

394

aver moy retrez. So B. L: moi auez retreit. Murray: mei aveir retret.

398

Prince de Pes. So B. L: roys e prince de pes. Murray: prince e reis de pès.

403–04

Ki pur Pes . . . defynaylle. L omits these lines.

405

E. So B, Murray. L: Ke.

406

merci crie. So L, Murray. B: merci lecrie, with le expunged.

410

De. So B. L, Murray: Pur.

411

deivent tutes. So B. L: deiuent tut. Murray: deivent tut.

412

Fere. So B. L: faire. Murray: Fornir.

sul. So B, Murray. L: tut sul.

413

record. So B, Murray. L: recod.

414

il seent de un. So B. L: de une. Murray: ils seient d’un.

415

les. So B, Murray. L: leis.

416

formir. So B, L. Murray: fornir.

418

Kar sanz nus ne ert. B: Kar sanz mey ne ert. L: sans nus niert il. Murray: Sanz nus ne iert. Emended for sense, as Pes [Peace] is referring to both Misericorde [Mercy] and herself.

419

nus est. So B. L, Murray: nus est il.

421

voil. So B. L: uoil. Murray: voler.

422

nostre. So L, Murray. B: vostre. Emended for sense.

423

Ke. So B, L. Murray: Kar.

425

le païs fuïr. So Murray. B: ne le pas fuïr. L: la pes finir. Emended for sense.

426

de un aquoyl. So B. L: de une atoil. Murray: d’un acoil.

427

Le. B has a two-line decorated initial L.

al. So B. L, Murray: le.

429

Ke ne ert sanz lui. So B. L: Kil niert sanz lui. Murray: Ki ne iert sanz li.

432

sen e. So B. L: sen. Murray: sanc e.

434

sui taunt. So B. L: sui tant. Murray: tant su.

435

Ke. So B, Murray. L: Kar.

feïstis. So B. L: feistes. Murray: fesis.

436

tes fez tutes mes. B: tutes. L: tutes mes. Murray: tes fez tus mes. Emended for sense.

437

Un sumes nus. So B, Murray. L: Nus sumes vn.

441

Del contec, ke. So B. L: De ce ke. Murray: De ce contek ke.

442

me ad es mu. So B. L: me ad en meu. Murray: m’ad meü.

444

Ke. So B. L: Ki. Murray: Kar.

447

ore en fray. So B. L, Murray: ferai.

452

Kaunt ke. So B. L: quanke. Murray: E kant ke.

454

e Pes entre bayser. So B. L: e pes beiser. Murray: e Pès baiser.

455

issint. So B. L: issi. Murray: ensi.

guere. B: geuere, with e1 expunged. L: gerre. Murray: guerre.

456

ta. So L, Murray. B: la. Emended for sense.

457

Cil. B has a two-line decorated initial C.

458

Put bien. So B. L: bien put. Murray: Poet bien.

461

De. So L, Murray. B: E. Emended for sense.

est tute. So Murray. B, L: tute. Emended for sense.

463

En. So B. L, Murray: E en.

464

escompliz. So B. L, Murray: acompliz. The verbs are synonymous (not listed in AND, but see Godefroy, escomplir).

467

Sa. So B, L. Murray: La.

467–68

Sa beneiscun . . . entendrunt. Contrary to the usual practice in L, the L scribe puts these verses on separate lines.

469

Seignurs. B has a two-line decorated initial S.

472

coment. So B. L: que. Murray: cum.

le ad. So B. L: leout. Murray: le out.

473

Coment. So B. L, Murray: E coment.

474

De sei ne avereit. B: Del serf ne avereit. L: de sei ne auoit. Murray: De sei n’aveit. Emended for sense.

475

nel. So L. B, Murray: ne. Emended for sense.

477

En. So B, Murray. L: E en.

480

de. So B, L. Murray: pur de.

482

Tut kant ke al. So B. O: Tot quantque al. L: trestut ke al. Murray: Tut kant ke en le.

483

Oyez ici. So B. L: Oies. Murray: Ore oiez.

amur. So B. L: ducur. Murray: duçur.

484

dousçur. So B. L, Murray: amur.

485

de ciel. So B. L: del ciel. Murray: de le ciel.

486

sa. So B, Murray. L: un.

487

Nonaunte. So B. L, Murray: Nonante e.

il lessa. So B, L. Murray: il i leissa.

489

ni ad ci. B: ni ad ici. L: na ci mut. Murray: ni ad si. Emended for sense.

490

merciable. So B. L, Murray: mult merciable.

491

du cel. So B. L: de tel. Murray: de cel.

492

Ki tant amur li demustrast. B: Cum grant amur demustrast. L: ki tant damur li mustrast. Murray: Ke tant de amur li mustrast. Emended for sense.

496

comand trespasser. So B. L: comandement passer. Murray: comant trespasser.

497

Ore. B has a two-line decorated initial O.

haute. So B, Murray. L: autre.

498

venue al Creatur. So B, Murray. L: reine au sauueur.

499

le. So B, L. Murray: li.

500

le unt. So B, Murray. L: si lunt.

502

Abacuc. So B, L. Murray: E Abacuc.

503

Jeremie. So B. L: E ieremie. Murray: E Jeremie.

504

Ysaÿe. So B. L, Murray: E Ysaïe.

506

de la. So B. L, Murray: la.

venue. So B, Murray. B: final -e added above line with insertion point marked. L: uenue.

507

pus. So B, L. Murray: puis je.

509

Un. B has a two-line decorated initial U.

Enfant. So B. L: enfancunet. Murray: enfantunet. See AND, enfançunet (n.), “little child.”

510

Un. So B, L. Murray: E un.

514

Deu le Fort e Deu. So B. L, Murray: E Deu e Fort e.

516

Sun dreit nun est. So B, L. Murray: Li derrain non.

518

les prophetes l’unt. B, L: les prophetes unt. Murray: li prophetes l’ad. Emended for sense. Murray’s reading li prophetes is a nominative masculine singular to go with the singular verb ad. The plural readings in B and L correspond with the ME (line 614).

519

Ore. B has a two-line decorated initial O.

521

ne est taunt. So B. L: nest tant. Murray: tant ne est.

523

tens. So L, Murray. B: riens. Emended for sense.

525

ki ke veit. So B. L: ki ueit. Murray: ki veïst ci.

526

sorfet. B: forfet. L: surfait. Murray: surfet en. Emended for sense.

taunt. So B. L: itant. Murray: tant.

529

poyn. So B. L: poin. Murray: e poin.

ou. So B. L, Murray: e.

530

E ke il fussent issi. B: Ke il fu issi. L: e ki il fussent issi. Murray: E ke il fussent ensi. Emended for sense.

531

Fussent. So L, Murray. B: Fusse. Emended for sense.

532

Mes ke. So B. L: mes ge di. Murray: Bien le di.

533

Le un. B: Ke un. L: Lun. Murray: L’uns.

534

E le autre. So B. L: E lautre. Murray: L’autre.

535

n’iert. So B. L: niert ce ia. Murray: n’ierent ja.

536

sunt. So B, L. Murray: seient. Both readings are from the verb AND, estre3 [to be]; the differences are in mood: sunt is third person plural present indicative, whereas seient is third person plural present subjunctive.

537

cil. So B, L. Murray: cil cum.

538

issi. So B. Murray: iceo. For L, see textual note to lines 538–39, above.

538–39

Si un homme . . . eüst tute la nature. L combines the first half of line 538 with the second half of line 539 as one line: si un home eust tute la nature [if a man had all the nature].

541

Si. So B, L. Murray: Issi.

542

Ke. So B, Murray. L: Si ke.

defaute en se. So B. L, Murray: defaute.

543

pus. So B, Murray. L: pus si.

544

tel. So B. L: tessil. Murray: tal.

545

teus. So B, L. Murray: tel.

547

e mil. So B. L, Murray: mil.

552

E ke il. So B. L: E kil. Murray: K’il.

550–52

Ke est . . . ceo veum ben. In L, as is usual practice for the scribe, lines 550–51 are written on one line, but the length of the lines caused the scribe to write the final word of line 551, rien, at the beginning of the next line, which is indented to indicate the continuation of the verse; line 552 then follows, after a punctus.

553

Par. So B, L. Murray: Kar par li tute rien est.

555

Kar. So B. L: Car. Murray: Kar en.

557

ne ad for li. So B. L: nest for celi. Murray: n’est nul fors celi.

558

Ke. So B. L: ki ius. Murray: Ki jus.

559

Ki. So B. L: E ki. Murray: E

autre. So B, L. Murray: nostre.

564

femme le. So L. B: feminele. Murray: femme li. The B reading is likely a variant of feminal / femineau, meaning “female”; see AND, [feminal] (n.). Emended for sense.

covient. So B. L: conuint. Murray: convenist.

565–66

Pur recevre . . . humeine creature. L omits these lines.

567

pust. So B. L: uout. Murray: voleit.

569

il. So B, Murray. L: ce.

570

il. So B. L, Murray: Deu.

571

En. B has a two-line decorated initial E.

573

Kar ceo est. So B. L: Ce est. Murray: Kar c’est.

574

De solaz. So B. L: e de solas. Murray: De tuz solaz.

e de dousçur. So B. L: e de ducur. Murray: de tuz sucur.

576

des. So B, L. Murray: de ses.

580

nul. So B. L: de nule. Murray: de nul.

582

Sur. So B, Murray. L: sus.

585

put. So B, L. Murray: i poet.

586

Ke rien le pusse. So B. L: ke riens la pusse. Murray: Rien ki li peüst.

587

Envirun. B has a two-line decorated initial E.

588

En. So L, Murray. B: E. Emended for sense.

plus. So B. L, Murray: si.

591

le orrez. So B, Murray. L: le me orrez.

592

i ad. B: ad. L: i a. Murray: i ad. Emended for sense.

596

parfund. So B, L. Murray: mult parfond.

597

aurné de. So B (avrne de), L (aurne de). Murray: atornez de. See AND, aurner1 (v.trans.), sense 1, “to adorn” and aturner, (v.trans.), sense 2, “to make, fashion.”

601

ad porte e tour. B: ad porte en tour. L, Murray: ad e porte e tur. Emended for sense.

602

ne. So B, L. Murray: ne i.

605

Li. B has a two-line decorated initial L.

est bel. So B, Murray. L: est e bel.

606

e envirun. B. L: e en uirun. Murray: environ.

607

colours. B: coloures, with e expunged. L: culurs. Murray: colurs.

608

E si. So B, Murray. L: si.

610

ne faut. So B. L: ni faut. Murray: ne i faut.

615

meine. So L, Murray. B: meime, with the first minim of m expunged.

619

tut. So Murray (line 622). B: tu. L omits the line. Emended for sense.

619–20

Ke tut . . . envirun. These lines are missing in L. If the scribe’s exemplar followed the same line order as in B, the omission could have been caused by an eye-skip, since lines 618 and 620 both end with envirun. See also textual note to lines 619–22, above.

621

E plus. So B. L, Murray (line 619): Plus.

619–22

Ke tut . . . une ardonte chose. These lines are ordered 621, 622, 620, 619 in Murray. 623ne vient male horee. So B. L: ni uient malure. Murray: ne i vient male oree.

626

seit. So B, Murray. L: est.

632

graveles. So B. L: graver. Murray: gravel. See AND, gravele (n.) and graver1 (n.), which are synonyms.

636

Ki en. So B. L: Ki a. Murray: K’a.

plunger. So B. L: puisser. Murray: puiser. The manuscripts differ significantly in recording this word; in addition to the variants already listed here, Mackie-Chasteu, which has poser, also notes the following variations in the textual note: ateindre, penser, reposere, venir, laiver, pounter, apreoser, and passier (line 642).

Murray includes two additional lines after line 636: Ja de mal ne le estuet pleindre / Ki a cel ewe puet ateindre [Never does one have to complain of evil / Who can reach this water] (lines 637–38 in Murray; italics in original). Subsequent lineation in this text does not match Murray’s until line 665, where additional lines in B (lines 663–64 in this text) make up the two-line difference.

638

I ad. So B, Murray (line 640). L: a.

639

ad en se. So B. L: a eissi. Murray: ad en sei (line 641).

640

mi le. So B. L, Murray (line 642): mi.

644

ryen. So B. L: rien. Murray: chose (line 646).

646

O ses colurs que. So L. Murray: Od la colur k’a (line 648).

645–46

Le arc . . . que li apend. These lines missing from B and supplied by L (lines 647–48 in Murray). Murray’s table does not note the missing lines in B (see p. 139).

647

Unkes si bele. So B, L (both as Vnkes si bele). Murray: Onkes si tres bele (line 649).

649

aveyt. So B. L: i auoit. Murray: i aveit (line 651).

650

voleyt. So B. L: se uoloit. Murray: se voleit (line 652).

651

si. So L, Murray (line 653). B: ici. Emended for sense.

653

tel ne. So B. L, Murray (line 655): ne.

656

e le. So B. L, Murray (line 658): e.

658

De1. So B. L, Murray (line 660): E de.

660

De1. So B. L, Murray (line 662): E de.

663–64

Ne jamés . . . le munde durra. These lines not included in L or Murray; the textual note to line 668 in Mackie-Chasteu indicates the addition is unique to B. The ME likewise omits these lines, which would come between lines 762–63.

666

la douce Virgine Marie. So B. L: la uirgne seinte marie. Murray: la duce Virgine Marie.

667

est. So B. L, Murray: nus est.

668

nus. So B, L. Murray: ele nus.

667–68

Assise est . . . e tarche. The L scribe writes these final two verses of folio 99r on separate lines, temporarily breaking the pattern of two verses per line.

669

nos. So B. L, Murray: tuz nos.

671

bien polie. So L. B: bie. Murray: si bien polie. Emended for sense.

672

Marie. So B. L: de la marie. Murray: la duce Marie.

674

servier. So B, with i written above line. L: seruir. Murray: servir.

675

E. So L, Murray. B: En. Emended for sense.

680

De si tres bele. So B. L: e de si bone. Murray: E de si tres bele.

688

De1. So B. L, Murray: E de.

690

Ke en. So B, L. Murray: Ke od.

e en. So B, L. Murray: en.

692

humilité. So B, L. Murray: humbleté.

694

tut kevre par. So B. L: tut coure. Murray: covere tut.

695

est2. So B, L. Murray: tant est.

697

Ceo est. So B, L. Murray: E c’est.

698

tute enluminé. So B. L: en lumine. Murray: enluminee.

699

esprise. So L, Murray. B: est prise. Emended for sense.

700

sun Creatur. So B, L. Murray: Deu sun creatur.

703

Dunt. So B. L, Murray: Ou.

pount. So B. L: puet. Murray: poet.

706

E1. So B, L. Murray: E si rest.

708

Ne put rien si bien nun. So B. L: ni put riens si bien nun. Murray: Ke rien ne puet fors bien.

710

overz sunt a kernel. So B (ouerz). L: sunt ouert au kernel. Murray: ovrees sunt au karnel. Overz is the plural past participle of AND, ovrer1 (v.intrans.), sense 4, “to construct.”

711

En compas sunt. B: Ke en compas sunt. L: Qui a compas sunt. Murray: E k’acompassent. Emended for sense.

712

E. So B, L. Murray: E si.

714

Signefie. So B (with g written above the line with placement indicated), L, Murray.

715

blemie. So L. B: blamie. Murray: blesmie. Emended for sense.

716

esteit. So B. L, Murray: fu.

717

Le bail. So B. L: Le vail. Murray: La baille.

719

Pus. So B. L: E pus. Murray: E puis.

baille. So B, Murray. L: vaille.

720

seinte. So B, L. Murray: seintime.

722

en baillie la Dame. So B. L, Murray: la dame en baillie.

724

Virge. B has a one-line decorated initial V.

Mere. So B (with the word written below the line with a pilcrow indicating enjambment), L, Murray.

717–24

Le bail . . . Espuse e Mere. B: these lines written around two narrow sections sliced out of folio 109r–v.

725

Par un de eus estut. So B. L: Par mi de sus estut. Murray: Par un des us l’estuet.

726

en le. So B, Murray. L: en cest.

727

Les. So B. L, Murray: E les. B has a two-line decorated initial L.

728

hors des bailles. So B, L. Murray: de hors les bailles.

732

seth. So B. L: seet. Murray: les set.

731–32

Ceo sunt . . . sunt confus. The L scribe writes these final two verses of folio 99v on separate lines, temporarily breaking the pattern of two verses per line.

739

E par. So B. L, Murray (line 740): Par.

740

Lecherie. So B. L, Murray (line 739): E lecherie.

739–40

E par . . . est maté. So B; order transposed in L and Murray.

744

Cele ke. So B. L: cele ki. Murray: Ki.

decyre. So B, L. Murray: tut decire.

747

funtaine. So Murray. L: fontaigne. B: finitiue; the B scribe seems to have misunderstood the word and marked specific minims with acute accents to signify i. Emended for sense.

749

sa grace ad. So B, L. Murray: ad sa grace.

751

tant la Pucele. So L. Murray: la Pucele tant.

751–52

Mes tant . . . li dona. These lines missing from B and supplied by L.

753

Dunt. B: small hole before this word.

757

queles. So B, L. Murray: ke.

les. So B, L. Murray: donc li.

760

Ke. So B, L. Murray: Rien ki.

pusse. So B, L. This is a subjunctive form; see AND, poer1 (v.). Murray: poet.

762

perdu. So B, L. Murray: tut perdu.

763

out. So B, L. Murray: aveit.

757–64

E queles . . . nul homme vivaunt. B: these lines written around two narrow sections sliced out of folio 109r–v.

765

en contre. So B, L. Murray: contre.

770

tut. So B. L, Murray: tut sun.

quassereit. So B. L: quasseroit. Murray: esquassereit.

771

Beneite. B has a two-line decorated initial B.

773

est. So B. L: tant est e. Murray: tant par est e.

774

De ki. So B. L: kar de sa. Murray: Ke de sa.

778

Ce est. So Murray. B: Ou est. L: Cest. Emended for sense.

780

ad tant. So B. L: a tant. Murray: tant ad.

buntez. So B. L: bon uertuz. Murray: bontez.

781

autre. So B, L. Murray: nule autre.

783

Denz. So B (Murray records the reading as Deus in note to this line). L: En. Murray: Dedenz.

enumbra. So B. L: senumbra. Murray: enumbrat. The verb can be transitive, intransitive, or, as in L, reflexive; see AND, enumbrer (v.).

784

itaunt. So B. L: tant. Murray: itant.

la ha. So B. L: la. Murray: le ad.

787

ni est. So B. L: nest. Murray: n’iert nul.

788

si est fait. So L. B: fait. Murray: si est fet. Emended for sense.

789

Franche. B has a four-line decorated initial F.

793

Huche e hue, huche. So B, L. Murray: Hue e huche, e hue.

796

poy poser. So B. L: pusser. Murray: peu puiser. The verb is AND, puisier (v.trans.).

799

tun. So L, Murray. B: cum. Emended for sense.

803

Tut. So B. L, Murray: Trestut.

mesfere. So B. L: mesfaire. Murray: mal fere.

807

Ke. So B, L. Murray: Ki a.

oyz. So B. L: oilz. Murray: oz. I take B’s reading to be a variant spelling of AND, ost1 (n.).

se dresce. So B, Murray. L: adresce.

809

oiz. So B. O: euz. L: oilz. Murray: oz.

813

De damage. So B. L, Murray: Damage.

814

su. So B, L. Murray: su ja.

818

poser a fossez. So B (the context indicates that poser should be understood as a variant of AND, puisier [v.]). L: puisser asfossez. Murray: puiser a le fossez.

821

Del. B has a two-line decorated initial D.

822

en ay. So B. L: auerai. Murray: averai.

824

Del. So B. L: del cel. Murray: De icel.

825

bien le. So L. B: bie le. Murray: bien vus. Emended for sense.

826

Ou. So B, Murray. L: Dunt.

828

covri. So B, L (both as couri). Murray: il covri.

829

La verge porta. So B. L: La uerge porta. Murray: La verge Aaron porta. The textual note to line 833 in Mackie-Chasteu identifies just two MSS that include the name Aaron: Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 132 and Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, MS fr. 902. The comparison with line 830 makes sense even without the name, but the allusion is more difficult to identify: “The rod bore the flower, / The Virgin her Creator.”

830

La Virge. So B. L: la uerge. Murray: E la Virgine.

Creatur. So B, Murray. L: saueor.

831

si. So B. L: issi. Murray: ensi.

834

Ke issi est. So B, L. Murray: Ki est ensi.

835

n’est tant. So B. L: tant nest. Murray: tant n’est.

836

ensemble. The L scribe ran out of room and wrote ensemble after the end of the previous line.

837

E. So B, L. Murray: Si.

838

ceo ke a. So B. L: kanke. Murray: ce ke a.

839

nul. So B. L: nule. Murray: rien.

840

eit sun dreit. So B, Murray. L: sun droit eit.

841

Ceo est. So B, L. Murray: C’est li duz.

le beneit. So B, L. Murray: beneit.

842

Ke de ciel. So B. L: ki del ciel ius. Murray: Ki de le ciel jus.

844

E sun. So B. L: e pur sun. Murray: Et pur sun.

845

i ad, ceo est. So B. L, Murray: a cest.

846

Verrey. So B. L: e uerrai. Murray: De verrai.

est, e. So B. L, Murray: e.

847

Beneyt. B has a two-line decorated initial B.

853

est. So B, Murray. L: seit.

855

pes. So B, L. Murray: teu peis.

856

ni out. So B, L. Murray: ne i out.

857

Ni out. So B, Murray. L: Ne i out. In B the t is partially obscured by water damage but still legible.

858

tuz. So L, Murray. B: only z is clearly legible.

de un. So B, Murray. L: de une.

859

sous. B: only s and part of o are clear. L: sanz. Murray: suz.

860

Kaunt. B: K and the end of the cross stroke on t are clear. L, Murray: Kant. Both spellings kaunt and kant are used in B; I conjecture based on the available space.

nostre Sire fu. So B, Murray. L: jhesu crist estoit.

861

Augustus. So L, Murray. B: only A and tus are clear.

862

Ki. So L, Murray. B: Only K is legible.

857–62

Ni out contec . . . par tut ala. B: what appears to be water damage obscures portions of these lines, as noted in the textual note to each line.

863

deit. So B. L: doit. Murray: deveit.

864

A cuntre sa. So B. L: en contre si. Murray: Encontre si.

865

e. So B, Murray. L: a.

866

Mout. So B. L: lores. Murray: Mult.

867

Nature naturaunce. So B. L, Murray: nature naturante. The phrase is a “technical philosophical term translating the Latin natura naturans indicating Nature as the First Cause of the universe, i.e., God the Creator” (Boulton, p. 76n88). See also nature naturante (pr.p. as adj.) listed in AND, naturer (v.). See explanatory note to line 938 of the ME edition.

868

ignoraunce. So B. L, Murray: ignorante. Notwithstanding the ending in -nce, reading in B should be understood as a variant of the adjective. Mackie-Chasteu emends to joygnante (line 872), presumably based on Southern’s substitution of ioygnante for ignorante (from Murray’s edition) in his treatment of the passage (Robert Grosseteste, p. 227n35). No MSS include the reading, however, according to textual notes to this line by both Murray and Mackie-Chasteu (line 872); rather, London, Lambeth Palace Library, MS 522 has ioygnante in place of naturaunce in line 867 (see textual notes in both Murray and Mackie-Chasteu [line 871]). See also AND, ignorant (adj.), which quotes this line under (estre) ignorant a.

869

Kaunt. So B. L: Qui. Murray: Ke.

nature est naturee. So B, L. Murray: nature naturee. Boulton notes that nature naturee “is a technical philosophical term (natura naturata), indicating nature as the created universe” (p. 76n90). See also nature naturee (p.p. as adj.) listed in AND, naturer (v.). See explanatory note to line 938 of the ME edition.

874

Si. So B. L, Murray: E si.

876

dereynner. So B. L: chalenger. Murray: dereigner.

879

E veez. So B. L, Murray: Ore oez.

881

Ki. So B. L: Qvi. Murray: Ki ke. B has a two-line decorated initial K.

ici. So B, Murray. L: ore ci.

882

emperour fust. So B. Murray: Emperere fust. L: feust emperer.

884

E desça. So B. L, Murray: De ça.

886

ensaut. So B. L: assauz; the L scribe ran out of room and wrote assauz after the end of the previous line. Murray: assaut.

889

Ke a. So B. L: Ki a. Murray: Ki k’a.

le veïst. So Murray. B: lui ne meist. L: le ueist. Emended for sense.

890

a. So B, L. Murray: en.

891

vas tu. So B, Murray. L: bas tu.

893–94

Va par tut . . . vostre terre. These lines missing from B and supplied by L.

895

Icest consail bon. So B. L: Icest conseil mult bien. Murray: Icestui bon conseil.

896

Si. So B, Murray. L: se il.

le. So B, L. Murray: il le.

898

prou. So B. L: pru. Murray: ne preu.

901

vient. So B. L: uint. Murray: avint.

902

Homme il trova. So B. L: homme troua. Murray: Cum home trovad.

904

jamés n’ust. So B. L: iames neust. Murray: ja mès ne fust.

905

lui. So B. L, Murray: sei.

906

redressaunce. So B. O: redressance. L: dressance. Murray: redresçance.

908

En le. So B, Murray. L: El.

910

voie al. B: joye du. L: uoie al. Murray: veie a le. Emended for sense.

915

Regardez. B has a two-line decorated initial R.

en sa. So B. L: e sa. Murray: sa.

916

au. So B, L. Murray: sa.

de sa. So B, L. Murray: sanz.

917

Ou circumscription. So Murray. B: Ou circumspection. L: En circumspectiun. Emended for sense.

925

issi. So B. Murray: ici. L: ci.

929

en desperaunce. So B. L: en desperance. Murray: ja en desperance.

931

Ke. So B. L, Murray: Kar.

935

sentir. So B, Murray. L: sustenir.

936

sustenir. So B, Murray. L: sentir.

938

sui ici. So B. L: sui ge ci. Murray: je su ici.

939

suez. So B. L: suef. Murray: ke siwez.

940

ta. So Murray. B: te. L: la. Emended for sense.

941

Primes. So Murray. B, L: Princes. Emended for sense.

947

prenderay. So B. L: prendrai. Murray: enprendrai.

949

Kar. So Murray. B: Ka. L: Car. Emended for sense.

le venkeray. So B. L: le uienterai. Murray: la veinterai. The spelling venkeray is a variant of the verb in L and Murray; see AND, veintre (v.trans.), sense 1, “to defeat, vanquish.”

950

recoveray. So B. L: desraignerai. Murray: dereignerai. In this context, the verbs are essentially synonymous. See AND, recoverer1 (v.trans.), sense 1, “to recover, regain; to obtain (again), get (back); to recover, regain by legal process; to receive, obtain repayment of; to recover, conquer back”; AND, dereiner2 (v. trans.), sense 6, “to recover by proving one’s legal right.”

953

Deu. B has a two-line decorated initial D.

955

amisté. So B, Murray. L: de amiste.

957

cel. So B. L: le. Murray: cest.

958

relement en. So B. L: relemente al. Murray: trop reument el.

959

tut dis. So B. L: tut ades. Murray: tut adès. Tut dis is an idiomatic expression meaning “always, continually”; see AND, tuzdis (adv.), sense 1 (second meaning), essentially synonymous with AND, adés (adv.), sense 1, “all the time, continuously.”

965

fors de. So B. L: a riens fors. Murray: rien fors.

966

E plus aver ensemble aver. So B. L: e pus amasser grant auer. Murray: E plus ensemble aver cuiller.

967

Kant. So B. L: E quant. Murray: E Kant.

968

se laz. So B. Murray: ses laz. L: ses las. The form laz can be singular or plural; see AND, lace1 (n.).

le. So L, Murray. B: se. Emended for sense.

970

A tuz ses. So B. L: e a tuz. Murray: E a ses.

972

Mes. So B, Murray. L: fors.

973

ad. So B. L: a tut. Murray: ad tut.

974

de. So B (de de, with de1 apparently originally written as another word and then expunged after a messy attempt to correct it to de), L, Murray.

977

Sun. So B. L: Son. Murray: Kar sun.

978

E coment. So B, Murray. L: coment.

e par. So B. L, Murray: par.

979

il. So B. L, Murray: cil.

982

de ceo. So B. O: de ce. L: ceo. Murray: ce.

983

Kar il querent. So B. L: Mes il querent. Murray: Mes querent adès.

985

iceo. So B, Murray. O: ce. L: ceo.

987

ke cil. So B, Murray. O: que. L: que ausi.

988

teus. So L, Murray: teus. B: ces. Emended for sense.

990

grant manancie. So B. L, Murray: manantie.

992

boys. So L. Murray: bois. L and Murray both have “woodlands” (see AND, bois1, sense 1), whereas some MSS have “towns” (see AND, burg [n.]). Sajavaara claims the latter reading is more common (p. 389n1018), but Mackie-Chasteu’s textual note to line 996 lists just six MSS with “towns” out of eighteen collated.

991–92

Grant seignorie . . . de grant largesce. These lines missing from B and supplied by L.

993

E si. So B, Murray. L: Si.

put Deu bien. So B. L: put om mult deu. Murray: poet Deu mult bien.

999

Ore. B has a two-line decorated initial O.

1000

vient il. So B. L: ueut si. Murray: vout il.

1003

Oyez. So B. L: Oies. Murray: Ore oiez.

1005

mund. So L, Murray. B: mun. Emended for sense.

1006

taunt. So B, with t2 written above line with caret to mark insertion. L, Murray: tant.

1009

einz. So B. L: enceis. Murray: einceis.

1010

est. So B, Murray. L: iert.

1011

Mut bien le vit home. B: Mut bien le vit. L: Il le uit mult bien. Murray: Mult bien le vit home. Emended for sense.

1012

saveit par. So B. L, Murray: sout de.

1013

vint. So Murray. B: vit. L: uint. Emended for sense.

1015

E. So B. L, Murray: En.

1017

cest. So B. L: ce. Murray: icest.

1020

Seignur. So B, L. Murray: Seignur Deu.

1023

Lunge tens ay eü la seisine. This line should be 1028 in Murray, where it is incorrectly lineated as line 1023.

1024

du. So B. L: al. Murray: a le.

1026

Ne ne. So B, L. Murray: Ne jo ne.

1027

a. So B, L. Murray: ore a.

1028

veus. So B. L: ueus. Murray: volez.

1030

Quides tu. So B, L. Murray: Me quidez vus.

1031

Nay. So B. L: Nains. Murray: Nai.

1033

si il le comaund. So B. L: si le comand. Murray: s’il le comand.

1037

tendra. So B. L: il tendra. Murray: bien tiendra.

1038

avaunt. So B. L: deuant. Murray: avant.

1039

A ceo. So B, L. Murray: Dont. B has a two-line decorated initial A.

respundi. So B. L: respunt le duz. Murray: respundi li duz.

1041

frensistes. So B. L: freinsistes. Murray: enfreinsistes.

1042

diseïstes. So B. L: deistes. Murray: li desistes.

1046

raysun. B: traysun. L: resun. Murray: reson. Emended for sense.

1047

de. So B, L. Murray: del.

1049

“O!” dist. So B, Murray. L: Dunc.

1051

Dunt. So B. L: Mes dunt. Murray: E dist, dunt.

1053

od. So B. L, Murray: a.

1054

De. So B. L, Murray: a.

desputer. So Murray. B: despiter. L: desputier. Emended for sense.

1056

demurra. So B. L: demorra. Murray: demurrai.

entant. So B. L, Murray: atant.

1055–56

Tut ay perdu . . . mie entant. The scribe of L writes these final two verses of folio 102r on separate lines, temporarily breaking the pattern of two verses per line. The scribe also leaves gaps between perdu and enpleidant on line 1055 and between a and tant on line 1056; if there is a defect in the parchment, it is not visible on the microfilm.

1057

vers il ad. So B. L: uois a il. Murray: feiz a il.

1060

voil a tort estre. So B. L: serrai a tort. Murray: serai a tort. See explanatory note to line 1090 of the ME poem for discussion.

1061

E. So B. L: Dvnc. Murray: Dunc.

1062

la redempcion. So B. L: redemptiun. Murray: redemption.

Murray includes two additional lines after line 1062: E dist li diables: “Quel reson / Frez vus pur raindre cel prison?” [And the Devil said: “What reason / Will you give to ransom this prisoner?”] (lines 1063–64; italics in original). The additional lines only occur in two manuscripts (Boulton, p. 79n109) and are not reflected in the ME translation (lines 1091–94 of the ME edition correspond to lines 1061–64 in this AN text). Subsequent lineation in this text does not match that in Murray.

1065

Cum1. So B, L. Murray: E cum (line 1067).

1067

E. So B. L: Dunc. Murray: Donc (line 1069).

li duz Jhesu beneit. So B, Murray (line 1069). L: ihesu le beneit.

1068

Ceo est. So B, L. Murray: Kar iceo est (line 1070).

1069

dreit. So B, Murray (line 1071). L: resun.

1070

Toler tei rien. So B. L: toi riens tolir. Murray: Tolir tei rien (line 1072).

1072

ceo. So B. L: ice. Murray: iceo (line 1074).

dist ke. So B. L: que. Murray: donc ke (line 1074). The line as rendered in B might translate as “What is this judgment that you seek?” (see AND, dit [n.], sense 4 [law]: “legal opinion, judgement”). Compare the translations in Boulton, “What is it then that you ask?” (p. 79), and Mackie, “What is it that you want?” (p. 172).

1073

dirray. So B. L: dirai. Murray: le dirrai (line 1075).

1078

dey. So B. L: delai. Murray: dei (line 1080).

1079

ne funt. So B, Murray (line 1081). L: funt.

1081

respund. So B. L, Murray (line 1083): dist.

1082

say. So B. L: sai. Murray: vei (line 1084).

ceo est. So B. L: cest. Murray: cest est (line 1084).

1083

le. So B, L. Murray: tut le (line 1085).

1084

Mes tey. So B. Murray: Mes tei (line 1086). L: E toz.

aprucher. So B. L: ge procher. Murray: rien aprismer (line 1086). The verbs are synonyms; see AND, aprocher (v.), procher (v.), and aprismer (v.).

1085

tu. So B (tei, with ei expunged and u written above), L, Murray (line 1087).

tun. So B. L: donc ton. Murray: donc tun (line 1087).

1086

merz. So B, Murray (line 1088). L: mes.

1087

“Nay,” fet il, “mes.” So B. O: L: Oil dist deu e. Murray: “Nai, fet il, mes” (line 1089).

mun. So B, Murray (line 1089). L: ceo.

1088

eyes cel. B: eye cel. L: neie le. Murray: eies le (line 1090). Emended for sense.

1089

covient. So B. L: couient. Murray: coviendra (line 1091).

1090

tant de. So B, Murray (line 1092). L: tant.

1093

Ou. So B, L. Murray: Od (line 1095).

de peine, o tant. So B. L: de peines e. Murray: de peine e tant (line 1095).

1094

tuz. So B. L: tous. Murray: a tuz (line 1096).

1096

en enfern demoraunt. So B. L: en enfer fust demorant. Murray: en enfern demurant (line 1098).

1097

A donc respondi li duz. So B. L: Dvnc respondi le duz. Murray: A donc respont li duz (line 1099).

1098

iert bien. So B. L, Murray (line 1100): tut iert.

1100

E pus le ad. So B, Murray (line 1102). L: E pus si la.

1108

Par. So B. L, Murray (line 1110): E par.

1109

Ore. B has a two-line decorated initial O.

1111

est. So B, L. Murray: tant est (line 1113).

1114

est treité. So B, Murray (line 1116). L: traite.

1119

les. So B, L. Murray: il les (line 1121).

1122

Sun chef des espines. B: Sun cel chef des espines, with cel expunged. L: despines estoit. Murray: D’espines esteit (line 1124).

1125

la. So B, L. Murray: sa (line 1127).

1126

des. So B, L. Murray: de lur (line 1128).

1127

pur. So B, L. Murray: pur le (line 1129).

Murray includes two lines after line 1127 (line 1129 in Murray) that are not included in B or L: Oi maudire e leidenger; / Pur nos surfez de manger [He heard slander and insults; / For our gluttony in eating] (lines 1130–31 in Murray). In the textual note to lines 1134–35, Mackie-Chasteu records only three MSS that include these lines: Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, MS fr. 902; Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 132; and London, British Library, MS Egerton 846B. The ME translation does not include the missing lines (see lines 1151–52 of the ME edition, which correspond to lines 1127–28 in the AN poem).

1128

vin. So B. L: uin. Murray: fel (line 1132).

1130

peiz. So B. L: e piez. Murray: e pez (line 1134).

Murray includes two additional lines after 1130 (1134 in Murray) that neither B nor L include: E pur nostre mauveis penser / Se fist deskes au cuer percer [And for our wicked thoughts / Had his heart pierced] (lines 1135–36 in Murray). The textual note to lines 1139–40 in Mackie-Chasteu indicates that five MSS omit the lines. The missing lines correspond to lines 1155–56 in the ME translation.

1134

pur nus se fist. So B. L, Murray (line 1140): se fist pur nus.

1135

cil ke. So B. L: ceo ki. Murray: ceo donc ki (line 1141).

1137

de. So B. L, Murray (line 1143): de la.

1139

a la. So B. L, Murray (line 1145): a.

1143

diables. So B, L. Murray: les diables (line 1149).

eürent. So B. L: neurent. Murray: n’eurent (line 1149).

1144

De humeine nature. So B. L: humaine nature. Murray: A nature humaine (line 1150).

1146

ne istrait fors. So B.L: nen istera hors. Murray: ne en istra fors (line 1152). The variants istrait, istera, and istra are forms of issir, although not included in the headword and forms in the AND entry for issir (v.), which lists only infinitive forms.

1148

le. So L, Murray (line 1154). B: ne. Emended for sense.

1150

cink. So B. L: les cinc. Murray: cinc (line 1156).

1151

le oÿe. So B. L: le oir. Murray: le oïr (line 1157). In the context both oÿe and oïr mean the “sense of hearing”; oïr is an example of the substantive use of the infinitive; see AND, oir (sbst. inf.), sense 2.

ver. So B. L: taster. Murray: veër (line 1157).

1152

E le odur. So B. L: le odorer. Murray: Li odorer (line 1158).

1153

le taster. So B, Murray (line 1159). L: la ueue.

perdera. So B, L. Murray: tut perdera (line 1159).

1154

le alme del. So B. L: del. Murray: de le (line 1160).

1155

Nature. So B, L. Murray: Kar Nature (line 1161).

1156

einz del cors. So B, L. Murray: de le cors einz (line 1162).

1160

Od. So B. L, Murray (line 1166): A.

1161

La. So B, L. Murray: Lors (line 1167).

ke il. So B, Murray (line 1167). L: il kil.

1164

E issint. So B. L: issi. Murray: E ensi (line 1170).

venqui. So B, Murray (line 1170). L: uenqui il.

1165

le Diable. So B, Murray (line 1171). L: diable.

1166

endurer. So B. L, Murray (line 1172): tant endurer.

1167

A. So B, L. Murray: Ha (line 1173).

1170

Tes. So L, Murray (line 1176). B: Ne ces. Emended for sense.

rementiver. So B, Murray (line 1176). L: remembrer.

1171

fu. So B. L, Murray (line 1177): est.

1173

plus. So L, Murray (line 1179). B: pus. Emended for sense.

fus naufree. B: fu naufree. L: su naueree. Murray: fu naffree (line 1179). Emended for sense to second person because the passage is a direct address to Mary. (London, Lambeth Palace Library, MS 522 has fustes; see Mackie-Chasteu’s line 1183.)

1174

l’alme. So Murray (line 1180). B: le cors. L: lalme. Emended for sense.

1175

ta. So Murray (line 1181). B: sa. L: la. Emended for sense; the entire passage is a direct address to the Virgin Mary.

1176

il de. So L, Murray (line 1182). B: de. Emended for sense.

1177

valu. So B, Murray (line 1183). L: uain.

1177–78

Rienz n’eüst . . . la Resurrection. These lines are omitted from eight MSS (see textual note in Mackie-Chasteu, lines 1187–88), including Oxford, Corpus Christi College, MS 232, the presumed basis for Murray (Sajavaara, p. 37), who nevertheless includes them (lines 1183–84).

1180

la. So B, L. Murray: sa (line 1186).

l’echevement. So B. L: acheuement. Murray: achevement (line 1186).

1182

sucuruz. So B, Murray (line 1188). L: est sucuruz.

1184

demurra, Dame. So B. L: demora. Murray: demurat (line 1190).

1186

Mes vus en ferme creaunce. So B. L: sans nule esperance. Murray: Mes vus en ferme creance (line 1192).

1188

ne pout rien. B: ne rien. L: ne pout nuls. Murray: ne poeit rien (line 1194). Emended for sense.

1191

dunc fu. So B. L: fu donc. Murray: fu donk (line 1197).

1193

depriez. So B, Murray (line 1199). L: priez.

1194

ki. So L, Murray (line 1200). B: lui. Emended for sense.

1195

Oÿez. So B. L: Oi auez. Murray: Oï avez (line 1201). B has a two-line decorated initial O.

1198

ad. So B. Murray: ad bien (line 1204). L omits this line, perhaps an eye-skip due to the similarity of the subsequent line.

1200

coment sa. So B. L: cum la. Murray: cum sa (line 1206).

bataille. B: a2 written above the t.

1202

issi. So B, Murray (line 1208). L: si.

achata. So B, L. Murray: rachata (line 1208).

1203

ke. So B. L: la. Murray: ki (line 1209).

1204

purrums. So B. L: porrum. Murray: poüm (line 1210).

1206

enclose. So B. L, Murray (line 1212): close. Presumably because of the earlier skipped verse (line 1198), the scribe of L writes a single verse on this line.

1207

Ore. B has a two-line decorated initial O.

agardez. So B. L: esgardez. Murray: regardez (line 1213). The words are more or less synonymous; see AND, agarder (v.) and regarder (v.).

1209

Si. So B, L. Murray: Ici (line 1215).

1212

Icel. So B. L: i celui. Murray: Icelui (line 1218).

1213

ni ad for li. So B. L: nest for li. Murray: ni ad nul fors li (line 1219).

1215

sunt. So B. L, Murray (line 1221): i sunt.

1216

en. So B, L. Murray: un (line 1222).

1218

la. So L, Murray (line 1224). B: en sa. Emended for sense.

1219

Kar. So B, Murray (line 1225). L: Ke.

1220

divinité. So B. L: deuinitez. Murray: deïté (line 1226).

1223

eüst ici. B: veist ici. L: eust ore ci. Murray: eüst ore ci (line 1229). Emended for sense.

1225

homme en le fu le. So B. L: pus en le feu la. Murray: en le feu hom la (line 1231).

1226

le. So B. L, Murray: la (line 1232).

1227

ardante fust. So B. L: ele ardante feus. Murray: ardant elle fust (line 1233).

1229

partier. So B. L: de partir. Murray: partir (line 1235).

1230

severer. So B. L: deseuerer. Murray: sevrer (line 1236).

1231

de la. So B. L: del. Murray: de l’ (line 1237).

1234

ceo est. So B. L: e cest. Murray: e c’est (line 1240).

1236

Ausi est. So B. L: Issi est il. Murray: Ensi est il (line 1242).

1237

Deus natures. So B, L. Murray: Natures deus (line 1243).

1239

As. B has a two-line decorated initial A.

1240

En la Kane de. So B, Murray (line 1246). L: droit i chane.

1241

convivie. So B. L: feste (written above the line, possibly in another hand, with a caret to mark insertion point). Murray: convi (line 1247).

1242

chaungea. B: chaunge. L, Murray (line 1248): changa. Emended for sense.

1244

Empler les de ewe ad comaundé. After line 1244 (line 1250 in Murray), Murray includes two lines not present in B or L: Kant Architriclin en gusta / De l’ewe, bon vin i trova [When Architriclin tasted / Of the water, good wine he found there] (lines 1251–52 in Murray). The addition alludes to the biblical story, where the steward tastes the wine Jesus made from water and praises its quality (see John 2:9–10); there are no equivalent lines in the ME poem (see lines 1265 ff. in the ME edition).

1245

noma. So B. L: porra. Murray: commanda (line 1253).

1246

Cum. So B, Murray (line 1254). L: e cum.

1247

iceo une hovre. B: iceo une hore. L: ice un ouere. Murray: icest un ovre (line 1255). The emendation is to clarify that AND, ovre1 [deed] is meant, not ure1 [hour].

1248

De hommesce. So B, meaning “humanity, human form” (see AND, homesce [n.], sense 1). L: De home. Murray: E de home (line 1256).

1249

E. So B, L. Murray: Ensi (line 1257).

1253

E de relef ke est remis. L omits this line. The ME translation follows the AN closely in this passage, and the missing line corresponds to line 1279 in the ME edition.

1256

Cum. So B. L, Murray (line 1264): E cum.

L adds a line after 1256: e de sa grace repleni [and filled with His grace]. The line is not reflected in the ME translation (compare lines 1282–83 in the ME edition).

1258

Kaunt il le ad. So B. L: kant il la. Murray: Kant il le ad (line 1266).

1260

tut. So B, Murray (line 1268). L: trestut.

1261

est. So B. L: sest. Murray: s’est (line 1269).

1263

Cum. So B, Murray (line 1271). L: Si cum.

1264

Cum. So B. L, Murray (line 1272): E cum.

1266

saunz. So B. L: sanz. Murray: tut sanz (line 1274).

1268

se enumbra. So B. L: sen omlea. Murray: s’enumbra (line 1276). L’s variant means “humbled himself” or “lowered himself,” as opposed to “was engendered.” See AND, humilier (v.refl.), enhumilier (v.refl.), and enumbrer (v.refl.).

1270

e nostre. So B, Murray (line 1278). L: nostre.

1271

Trinité. So L, Murray (line 1279). B: vnite. Emended for sense.

1272

unité. So Murray (line 1280). B: trinite. L: vnite. Emended for sense.

1273

Oï. B has a two-line decorated initial O.

1276

clerc escrire. So B, L. Murray: lange descrire (line 1284).

1279

en cel. So B. L, Murray (line 1287): el ciel.

1280

Ou en tere, ou. So B. L: en enfer e. Murray: E en terre e (line 1288).

1281

Se enclinent. So Murray (line 1289). B: Se deriuent. L: Enclinent. Emended for sense.

1284

Mes. So B. L: fors. Murray: Fors si (line 1292). For discussion of the translation of this line, see explanatory note to line 1310 of the ME poem.

1285

Tucher. So B. L: Sother. Murray: Tochier (line 1293).

1288

primes out. So B. L, Murray (line 1296): out primes.

1289

Dunc out le Maufé tant. So B. L: Le maufe out tant de. Murray: Donc out le Malfé tant de (line 1297).

1291

lui pur. So L, Murray (line 1299). B: le iour. Emended for sense.

1292

En. So B, Murray (line 1300). L: a.

1295

Ne. So B, Murray (line 1303). L: Car.

1298

vener. So B. L, Murray (line 1306): geter.

1299

Mes. B has a two-line decorated initial M.

1302

Kant. So B, L. Murray: Kar (line 1310).

1305

le. So B. L, Murray (line 1313): il le.

1307

menti, li traitur. So B. L: menti le traitur. Murray: ad menti li traitur (line 1315). I translate menti as “failed” here, rather than “lied”; the ME has faylede (line 1335), and in OF mentir (v.) can mean Modern French faillir [to fail] (see Godefroy). Although AND, mentir (v.) only gives the meaning “to lie,” Boulton’s note indicates that the meaning “to fail” was at one time included in the AND entry (p. 83n125).

1308

a. So B. L, Murray (line 1316): de.

1309

la. So B, L. Murray: sa (line 1317).

1313

brusa. So B. L, Murray (line 1321): debrusa.

1314

esquassa. So B, Murray (line 1322). L: quassa.

1316

Kant. So B, L. Murray (line 1324): E.

estret hors. So B. L: estrait hors. Murray: en treit hors (line 1324).

1318

E. So B, Murray (line 1326). L: qui.

1319

ne fu oÿ. So B. L: ne fu oi. Murray: ne fu oncs oï (line 1327).

1322

quasser. So B, L. Murray: esquasser (line 1330).

1324

bien. So B, L. Murray: si bien (line 1332).

1325

plus. So B. L: le plus. Murray: li plus (line 1333).

1328

En. So B. L, Murray (line 1336): E en.

1330

Ke dist en sa. So B. L: ki dist en sa. Murray: En sa seinte (line 1338).

1334

Ne quer. So L. B: Quer. Murray: Ne cuer (line 1342). Emended for sense.

ne2. So B, L. Murray: ne sen (line 1342).

1336

a. So B. L: est a. Murray: de cuer (line 1344).

1338

creance, e. So B. L, Murray (line 1346): force.

1339

nostre. So B. L, Murray (line 1347): e nostre.

1342

sauver. So Murray (line 1350). B: auer. L: sauuer. Emended for sense.

1343

soul Deu. B: soul. L, Murray (line 1351): sul Deu. Emended for sense.

1345

Cum. B has a two-line decorated initial C.

1347

Entendez. So B. L, Murray (line 1355): E entendez.

1352

voleit. So B, Murray (line 1360). L: uout.

1354

En lui fussent. So B. L: fussent en lui. Murray: En li fussent (line 1362).

1355

Pere. So Murray (line 1363). B: mut. L: mout. Emended for sense.

1358

od lui la pome. So B. L: la pome od li. Murray: la pome en li (line 1366).

1359

E tuz. So B, L. Murray: Tuz (line 1367).

1361

il urent. So B. L: il leurent. Murray: le eürent (line 1369).

1362

purreit. So B, Murray (line 1370). L: pout.

1363

Adam. So B, L. Murray: Kar Adam (line 1371).

1364

Charnelement. B: Cahanelement, with a1 expunged. L: charneument. Murray: E charneument (line 1372). Emended for sense.

1366

pesant. So B. L: pesante. Murray: e grant peine (line 1374).

1369

Pur. So B. L, Murray (line 1375): Par.

1372

la manere. So B, L. Murray: manere (line 1380).

1374

E nostre. So B, Murray (line 1382). L: nostre.

1375

pur enfaunt. So B. L: a enfant. Murray: pur nul enfant (line 1383).

1377

out. So L, Murray (line 1385). B: tuz. Emended for sense.

rechaté. So B (rechatae, with a2 expunged), L. Murray: rechatez (line 1385).

1380

Treis jors. So B. L: quarante hures. Murray: Quarante ures (line 1388).

1381

Ceo. So B, L. Murray: Icest (line 1389).

1383

Un. So B, L. Murray: Par un (line 1391).

1384

escreva. So B. L: creua. Murray: se creva (line 1392).

1387

Pus. So B. L: Des lure. Murray: De l’ure (line 1395).

1388

il. So B, L. Murray: Jhesu (line 1396).

1390

Od. So B, Murray (line 1398). L: e od.

but. So B, L. Murray: e but (line 1398).

1393

al. So B. L, Murray (line 1401): a la.

1394

a. So B. L, Murray (line 1402): en.

1395

Tuz. So B, Murray (line 1403). L: Trestuz.

1399

Ke resuscité le virent. So B. L: Quant resusciter le uirent. Murray: Ki resuscité veü l’eürent (line 1407).

1401

lur. So B. L: ke lor. Murray: ke lur (line 1409).

1407

ses1. So B, L. Murray: les (line 1415).

ses mains. So B. L: sa mein. Murray: sa main (line 1415).

1411

creis. So B, Murray (line 1419). L: creis bien.

1412

E ki. So B, Murray (line 1420). L: ki.

1413

tuz. So B. L, Murray (line 1421): il.

1414

te. So L, Murray (line 1422). B: lur. Emended for sense.

1415

cel. So B, Murray (line 1423). L: tel.

1416

a. So B. L, Murray (line 1424): de.

1419

E. So B, L. Murray: E lors (line 1427).

1420

al. So B. L: el. Murray: en le (line 1428).

1423

ke il. So B. L: ke. Murray: k’il (line 1431).

1424

E. So B. L, Murray (line 1432): E ke.

1425

En. So B. L, Murray (line 1433): En le.

1427

baptizé. So B, Murray (line 1435). L: rien.

1428

en. So B, Murray (line 1436). L: en le.

1429

li1. So B, Murray (line 1437). L: les.

e li. So B. L: e. Murray: li (line 1437).

1430

en. So B, Murray (line 1438). L: a.

1432

Ke. So B. L: qui il. Murray: Ke il (line 1440).

kevendra. So B (keuendra). L: couient. Murray: covient (line 1440). The same verb is being used (AND, convenir [v.impers.], sense 2); the difference is between future (“it will be necessary”) and present (“it is necessary”), but both can work in the context.

1434

Engendrure. So B. L: e engendrure. Murray: Engendreüre si (line 1442).

1435

le ewe. So B. L: le awe. Murray: del ewe e (line 1443).

1441

cel. So B. L: tel. Murray: teu (line 1449).

1442

mangea. B: mange. L, Murray (line 1450). Emended for sense.

1444

en. So L. Murray: en le (line 1452).

1443–44

Par li poüm . . . pur aver. B omits these lines, which are supplied from L.

1446

un. So B, Murray (line 1454). L: nul.

ne ad. So B, L. Murray: i out (line 1454).

1448

sa. So L, Murray (line 1456). B: la. Emended for sense.

1450

Par ki. So B. L: par qui. Murray: E par li (line 1458).

1451

du. So B, L. Murray: del (line 1459).

1452

Ke nus ad la pes rendu. So B. Murray: Ki la pes nus a renduz (line 1460). L here gives the text of line 1460 of this edition: De bas en haut nus leue sus [He has lifted us up from low to high].

1453

hom. So B, Murray (line 1461). L: pere.

1454

grant mal. So B. L, Murray (line 1462): tant mal.

1457

nostre. So L. Murray: li nostre (line 1465).

1455–58

De paraïs . . . nus rend arere. B: Le autre du ciel descendi / E la bataille venqui [The Other descended from heaven / And won the battle]. In place of these two verses, lines 1455–58 are supplied by L. The verses in B more or less restate the gist of lines 1451–52. Note that AN lines 1455–58 correspond to lines 1485–88 in the ME translation.

1459

de ciel est. So B. L: del ciel est ius. Murray: del ciel esteit jus (line 1467).

1460

De bas en haut nus leva sus. L here has ki la pes nus ad renduz, the text of line 1452 but following the same word order as in Murray for that line.

1462

Ki de ciel est, a. So B. L: ke del ciel fu al. Murray: Ki vint del ciel al (line 1470).

1465

ses seinz. So B. L: seins. Murray: ses suggetz (line 1473). The word is “saints” in B and L and “subjects” in Murray. See AND, seint1 (n.), sense 1, and AND, sujet1 (n.), sense 1. Both can work in the context.

1467

e verité. So B, Murray (line 1475). L: uerite.

1468

mena. So B. L, Murray (line 1476): meine.

bele. So B (blele, with l1 expunged), L, Murray (line 1476).

1470

de enfern. So B. L: de enfer. Murray: il d’enfern (line 1478).

1471

mena. So B, L. Murray: amena (line 1479).

1472

nul. So B, L. Murray: ja a nul (line 1480).

1473

meint. The verb is AND, maindre1 (v.intrans.), sense 3, “to live, dwell,” not mener1 (v.intrans.), “to lead.”

il avant. So B, Murray (line 1481). L: auant.

1474

Od le. So B, Murray (line 1482). L: e sun.

1477

tutes choses. In L there is a gap between these words where it looks like additional writing has been scraped away.

1477–78

Un Deu . . . Seint Esperit. These lines missing in B and supplied by L.

1479

si ad il. So B. L: sil i ad. Murray: s’il i a (line 1487).

1481

un. So B, Murray (line 1489). L: nul.

1482

de. So L, Murray (line 1490). B: e. Emended for sense.

1485

Cum. B has a two-line decorated initial C.

1490

a. So B. L: al. Murray: en le (line 1498).

1491

Tut. So B, Murray (line 1499). L: Dont.

1492

il le. So B, Murray (line 1500). L: le.

1494

vifs. So B. L: uifs. Murray: e vifs (line 1502). The order of the ME translation differs at this point; see explanatory note to lines 1525–1620 of the ME poem.

1498

pur nus fu. So B, L. Murray: il fu pur nus (line 1506).

1499

Des escurges. So B. L: Des curges. Murray: D’escurges (line 1507).

1500

Cum les Gius alerent ferir. So B. L: le sanc del cors fist issir. Murray: Le sanc del cors en fist issir (line 1508). B is the only MS with this line (see textual note in Mackie-Chasteu, line 1512). The ME translation follows the reading in L and other MSS (see line 1626). See explanatory note to line 1152 of the ME poem for information about Grosseteste’s attitude toward Jews.

1502

Sun chief. So B. L, Murray (line 1510): E.

1503

il en. So B. O: el. L, Murray (line 1511): en.

1508

en ay. So B. L: ai ge. Murray: ai je (line 1516).

Murray includes two subsequent lines not included in B and L: “Reproces e peines merveillus,” / En contre ceo ke dirrum nus? [“Reproaches and great pains,” / Against this, what shall we say?] (lines 1517–18 in Murray). The ME has no corresponding lines (see line 1634).

1509

playder. So B. L, Murray (line 1519): espleider.

1510

Le1. So B. L, Murray (line 1520): Ne le.

ne le aposer. So B. L, Murray (line 1520): nel opposer. There is some overlap in the meanings of these verbs; see AND, apposer1 (v.trans.), sense 1, “to question,” versus AND, opposer (v.trans.), sense 1, “to counter, oppose”; sense 2, “to use in opposition, present as a counter-argument; to argue in opposition”; and sense 3, “to probe, question; to question, interrogate.”

1511

chastel. So B, L. Murray: rien chastel (line 1521).

1512

ne bel. So B. L: ne riche. Murray: grant de bel (line 1522).

1513

Tutes. So B, L. Murray: Kar tutes (line 1523).

1516

Croulanz lur denz. So B. O: Croissanz lor denz. L: cruissans lur denz. Murray: Cruissanz lurs denz (line 1526).

Murray’s textual note reads denz as deuz in B (p. 166n1526), possibly on the assumption that the intended verb is crouler, meaning “to crawl” (AND, crouler1 [v.]). But Croulanz lur denz de pohurs makes sense as “Their teeth chattering from fear” if croulanz is from croller [to shake], attested in the twelfth century; see AND, crouler2 (v.), which is a cross-reference to croller (v.). The word cruissans means “grinding” or “gnashing”; see AND, croissir1 (v.trans.), sense 2.

1517

purra. So B. L purroit. Murray: purreit (line 1527).

1518

sun martyre. So B, L. Murray: le suen matire (line 1528). The reading in Murray would translate as “his own trial” (trans. Boulton, p. 85) or “his trial” (trans. Mackie, p. 176). Murray’s textual note to line 1528 shows, however, that the majority of MSS agree with the reading in B and L, which also matches the Middle English translation: here martyrdom (line 1644). Although the AN word martyre and the ME word martyrdom can mean “martyrdom,” the use here is “torment, (physical and/or mental) suffering”; see AND, martire1 (n.), sense 2 and MED, martirdom (n.), sense 1c.

1520

serra. So B. L, Murray (line 1530): serrunt.

1523

E le. So B. L, Murray (line 1533): El.

1524

Orrunt cil. So B. L: dirunt cil. Murray: Dirrunt iceus (line 1534). Orrunt is from AND, orer1 (v.), sense 2, “to entreat, beseech,” whereas dirunt comes from AND, dire (v.), sense 1, “to say.”

1525

Montaines, sur. So B. L: Montaines sus. Murray: Muntaines, sur (line 1535).

1526

A. So B. L, Murray (line 1536): Ha.

1528

Del yre al. So B. L: del ire a nostre. Murray: De l’ire a le (line 1538).

1530

laqueles. So B. L: quoi. Murray: queus (line 1540).

1531

Jhesu. So B. L ihesum. Murray: Jhesum (line 1541).

1533

E ardera. So B, L. Murray: Ardera (line 1543).

1534

E les. So B, Murray (line 1544). L: Les.

desrupes. So B. L: disrups. Murray: derubes (line 1544). The word desrupes (disrups) is probably a variant of AND, derube (n.), “cliff.” In B, rroches [lit., rocks] is written above desrupes as a gloss, most likely AND, roche1 (n.), sense 2, “(mass of) rock forming part of the landscape.”

1539

Tut. So B, L. Murray: Trestut (line 1549).

1540

Ne1. So B, Murray (line 1550). L: E.

1541

en le. So B. L: al. Murray: el (line 1551).

1542

i serra. So B. L: sera. Murray: serra (line 1552).

1545

Ne mie autres ke einz. So B. L: Nun pas autre quauant. Murray: Non pas autre k’avant (line 1555).

1546

meillur. So B, L. Murray: meudre (line 1556).

tendrat. So B. L, Murray (line 1556): rendra.

1548

E. So B. L: Que. Murray: Ki (line 1558).

busines sonerunt. So B. L: bons synes seneront. Murray: buisines sonerunt (line 1558). The word busines means “trumpet”; L’s reading of synes is probably AND, signe1 (n.), sense 8, “peal, ringing of bells; bell.”

1549

Primes. So B, L. Murray: Lors (line 1559).

e en. So B, L. Murray: e (line 1559).

1550

Jhesu. So B. L: ihesu crist. Murray: Jhesu Crist (line 1560).

1551

Iceus. So B, L. Murray: E iceus (line 1561).

1552

A. So B. L, Murray (line 1562): Tut a.

1555

vus. So B. L: e uus. Murray: e vus (line 1565).

1556

A herberge vus. So B. L: e a herberger. Murray: A herbergier (line 1566).

1557

vus. So B. L: e uus. Murray: e vus (line 1568).

fublastes. So B. L, Murray (line 1568): affublastes.

1558

Malades, e vus. So B, Murray (line 1569). L: malades fu e uus.

1559

avoy, e. So B. L: avoi. Murray: avoie (line 1567).

1557–59

Nu fu . . . me enbeverastes. These lines are ordered differently in Murray, with the order equivalent to lines 1559, 1557, 1558 in this edition (lines 1567–69 in Murray).

1560

chartre. So B. L, Murray (line 1570): prison. The words chartre and prison are synonyms; see AND, chartre2 (n.).

1562

de. So B. L: du. Murray: de le (line 1572).

1564

Del1. So B. L, Murray (line 1574): Des le.

1567

Les. B has a two-line decorated initial L.

1577

mauves, oveke. So B. L: malueis ouec. Murray: maleürez, od (line 1587).

1578

Al feu. So B. L, Murray (line 1588): En le feu.

nïent esteignable. So B. L, Murray (line 1588): pardurable. The variant in B expresses a similar idea as the reading in L and Murray: See AND, nientesteignable (adj.), “inextinguishable,” and pardurable (adj.), “lasting, enduring.”

1580

tuz les. So B, Murray (line 1590). L: les.

1582

diables. So B, L. Murray: le diable (line 1592).

Murray includes two subsequent lines that do not appear in B or L: Plus neir ke mure ne charbon, / E ensi perira lur non [Blacker than blackberry or coal, / And thus their name will perish] (lines 1593–94 in Murray). The ME poem has no corresponding lines.

1583

Li. B has a two-line decorated initial L.

1585

Kar. So B. L: Ki. Murray: Si (line 1597).

le solail. So B. L, Murray (line 1597): solail.

1586

plus. So L, Murray (line 1598). B: pus. Emended for sense.

1590

od. So B. O: a. L: des. Murray: as (line 1602).

1591

Taunt. So B. L: Tant. Murray: E tant (line 1603).

dunc. So B. L: donc. Murray: a donc (line 1603).

1593

ne put. So B. L: puet. Murray: ne poet (line 1605).

1594

Ou oil veër, ou. So B. L: ou oil ueer ne. Murray: Oil veër, ne (line 1606).

1598

Adunc. So B (A dunc). L: A donc. Murray: E donc (line 1610).

1599

Ore. B has a two-line decorated initial O

1599–1600

Ore oyez . . . a mal baillez. These two lines do not appear in L or Murray. The textual note to line 1612 in Mackie-Chasteu indicates the addition is unique to B. The lines do not appear in the ME translation, where they would come between lines 1694–95. Nevertheless, they serve a purpose as a transition from describing the joys of those who go to heaven to the torments of those who end up in hell.

1601

Kar. So B. L: Car. Murray: E (line 1611).

1602

ne. So B. L: nen. Murray: n’en (line 1612).

1605

Ne i. So B. L, Murray (line 1615): Ni.

1606

est. So B. L, Murray (line 1616): iert.

1607

esterra. So B. L: sera. Murray: serra (line 1617).

1608

lur. So L, Murray (line 1618). B: sa. Emended for sense.

1610

La. So B. L, Murray (line 1620): E la.

1613

ke il. So B. L: quil. Murray: ke (line 1623).

1614

tuz jours. So B. L: tot tens. Murray: tut tens (line 1624).

1615

plaist. L, Murray (line 1625). B: esplaist. Emended for sense.

1616

Ne verrunt rien. So B. L: ne uerront rien. Murray: E rien ne verrunt (line 1626).

1617

Trestuz. So B, L. Murray: Kar trestuz (line 1627).

1618

de. So B, Murray (line 1628). L: des.

1620

fetes vus. So L. Murray: feïs tu (line 1630). Boulton points out that Murray’s edition should have feis (p. 87n152).

1619–20

Li un al . . . vus de cea? These lines missing from B and supplied by L.

1621

eit. So L, Murray (line 1631). B: ert. Emended for sense.

fustes. So B. L: feustes. Murray: tu fus (line 1631).

1622

Sur. So B, L. Murray: Kar sur (line 1632).

1623

Mun fait. L: Mut fait. Murray: Mun peché (line 1633). The word fait means “deed,” as opposed to peché, which means “sin”; see AND, fait1 (n.), sense 1, and pecché1 (n.), sense 1. Emended for sense.

1624

Mes. So L. Murray: E (line 1634).

1623–24

Mun fait . . . dolur dubler. These lines missing from B and supplied by L.

1625

mauves. So B. L: malueis. Murray: maleürez (line 1635).

1626

Mal eit l’oure. So L. B: Peise moy certes. Murray: Mal eit l’ure (line 1636). B’s reading, apparently unique among the MSS (see Murray’s textual note, p. 169n1636), might translate as “It certainly pains (troubles) me” (see AND, peiser1 [v. impers.]), but the repetition of the sentiment from line 1621, “Evil was the hour” helps convey the sense of two speakers arguing and trading similar insults. The ME poem reflects the emended reading: the conversation takes place in lines 1723–32.

fus vifs. So Murray (line 1636). B: vifs. L: uifs. Emended for sense.

1628

de. So B, L. Murray: de les (line 1638).

1629

Issi. So B, L. Murray: Ensi (line 1639).

1631

La. So B, L. Murray: La i (line 1641).

1632

Joie, solaz. So B. L: ioie solaz. Murray: E joie e solaz (line 1642).

1634

ne2. So B. L: nen. Murray: n’en (line 1644).

1635–36

Les deables . . . ne cesserunt. So B. L, Murray omit.

1638

fin. So B, L. Murray: pes (line 1646).

1639

Jhesu. So B, L (both as Ihesu). Murray: Mes Jhesu (line 1647). B has a two-line decorated initial I.

1641

solaz. So B, L. Murray: e solaz (line 1649).

1644

homme. So B. L: home. Murray: home illoec (line 1652).

1647

se enmirra. So B. L: ses mirera. Murray: se esmirra (line 1655).

1648

En. So B, L. Murray: E en (line 1656).

1650

avera kant ke lui. B: verra kant ke lui. L: auera quanke li. Murray: avera kant ke il (line 1658). Emended for sense.

1651

veut. So B. L: uoudra. Murray: vodra (line 1659).

1653

Del. So B. L: Al. Murray: De le (line 1661).

1654

La beauté. So B, L. Murray: E la beauté (line 1662).

1655

Si. So B, L. Murray: Puis si (line 1663).

1658

O. So B (var. of od). L, Murray (line 1666): E.

1662

menerunt. So B, L. Murray: demenerunt (line 1670).

fins. So B, L. Murray: finir (line 1670).

1663

Pus. So B, L. Murray: Puis si (line 1671).

1664

Les. So B. L, Murray (line 1672): E les.

1665

Si. So B, L. Murray: Illok (line 1673).

1666

Queus. So B. L, Murray (line 1674): Les queus.

1667

mener. So B, L. Murray: demener (line 1675).

1668

Ke. So B. L, Murray (line 1676): Plus ke.

pust. So B, with s written above line and marked for insertion. L: put. Murray: peüst (line 1676).

1670

fra. So B, L. Murray: si fera (line 1678).

1671

E. So B, L. Murray: E pus (line 1679).

1674

il voelunt passerunt. B: il voelunt penserunt. L: uelunt passerunt. Murray: volent passerunt (line 1682). Emended for sense.

1675

al autre. So B, L. Murray: al autre donc (line 1683).

1676

Beneït. So B, Murray (line 1684). L: Bene.

1677

fustes. So B. L: feustes. Murray: vus fustes (line 1685).

1679

En. So B, L. Murray: Kar en (line 1687).

1681

ataunt. So B. L: atant. Murray: a itant (line 1689).

1683

tele. So B, L. Murray: cele (line 1691).

1684

Dunt. So B. L: ke. Murray: Dont (line 1692).

ma joie est. So B, L (both as ma ioie est). Murray: est ma joie (line 1692).

1685

En tei vei. So B. L: De toy ai. Murray: De tei ai (line 1693).

1686

redresce. So B, L. Murray: se redresce (line 1694).

1687

joie e. So B, L (both as ioie e). Murray: grant joie (line 1695).

1688

De regarder mun Creatour. After line 1688, L adds: Trestutes ioies surmunte · en uers cele nest nul conte [Surmounts all joys · in relation to that there is nothing that counts]. The additional lines are essentially duplicates of lines 1735–36 in the AN poem: Tutes joies surmunte, / E vers cel n’ad nule acunte; these later lines also appear in L (as well as other MSS). The additional lines may have been added at this point in L because line 1688 (De regarder mun Creatour) and line 1734 (De regarder sun Creatur) are nearly the same. The addition is not recorded in the textual notes of either Murray (p. 170) or Mackie-Chasteu (line 1698), and presumably does not appear in any other MSS.

1690

resceter. B: rescester, with s1 written above and s2 expunged. L, Murray (line 1698): rechater.

1693

Tele. So B, L. Murray: Iteu (line 1701). B has a two-line decorated initial T.

menerunt. So B, L. Murray: demerrunt (line 1701).

1694

En. So B, L. Murray: E en (line 1702).

1701

pus plus. So B, L. Murray: mult plus (line 1709).

1702

plus avera. So B. L: meins le auera. Murray: plus le aura (line 1710).

1704

Des. So B, L. Murray: E des (line 1712).

1711

Marie. So B. L, Murray (line 1719): Seinte Marie.

1715

Dignité. So B. L: Dignete. Murray: De digneté (line 1723).

1717

A1. So L. Murray: E (line 1725).

a2. So L. Murray: ele ad (line 1725).

1718

A de. So L. Murray: Si en ad (line 1726).

e de. So L. Murray: e (line 1726).

1717–18

A tant . . . de bunté. L supplies these lines missing from B.

1719

nul. So B, Murray (line 1727). L: nus.

amurs. So B, Murray (line 1727). L: amones.

1720

Ses1. So B. L, Murray (line 1728): Ne ses.

1721

joie a lui. So B, L (both as ioie a lui). Murray: a li joie (line 1729).

1722

en. So B. L, Murray (line 1730): en le.

1723

bunté. So L. B: beaute. Murray: bonté (line 1731). Emended for sense (beauté is listed in line 1726).

1726

beauté. So B, Murray (line 1734). L: viance.

1727

autre. So B, L. Murray: autrement (line 1735).

1728

deigna de lui. So B. L: de li deigna. Murray: cil de li se deigna (line 1736).

1729

beautez. So B, L. Murray: lur beauté (line 1737).

1731

Ki. So B. L, Murray (line 1739): Mes ki.

1732

joie. So B. L: ioie. Murray: joie, en pès (line 1740).

1735

Tutes. So B. L: Trestutes. Murray: Trestutes les (line 1743).

1736

E vers. So B. L: Vers. Murray: Envers (line 1744).

n’ad. So B, Murray (line 1744). L: nena.

acunte. So B, Murray (line 1744). L: conte.

1739

En. So B, Murray (line 1747). L: E.

1741

porra. So B. L: peust. Murray omits this line; as Mackie explains, the line was “accidently deleted” (Mackie, “Scribal Intervention,” p. 73n19). Thus, the lineation in Murray’s textual notes and the remainder of the poem assume line 1749 is present; my textual notes consequently number Murray’s subsequent lines as if line 1749 had not been deleted.

1742

purreit. So B. L, Murray (line 1750): peüst.

penser. So B. L, Murray (line 1750): tant penser.

1743

Ne. So B, Murray (line 1751). L: De.

1747

dunc pust il. So B. L: donc peut il. Murray: poet il donc (line 1755).

1748

nay, ne. So B. L, Murray (line 1756): ne.

1754

joies. So Murray (line 1762). B: choses. L: ioies. Emended for sense.

en. So B, Murray (line 1762). L: en le.

1755

Prince de Pes. So B. L: prince. Murray: Prince en pès (line 1763).

1756

En joie e en pes. So B. L: e ioie e pes. Murray: E joie e pès (line 1764).

1758

Nostre vie. So B, Murray (line 1766). L: nostre.

1759

comandemenz si. So B, L. Murray: comanz issi (line 1767).

1760

cele. So B. L: la. Murray: sa (line 1768).

1759–60

E ses comandemenz . . . pussums venir. The L scribe breaks the usual pattern for two verses on one line and writes these final two verses separately.

1761

Amen. So B (stretched to fit the length of a whole line), Murray (line 1769). L appends to the end of line 1760.