THE PROPHECY OF MERLIN (DUBLIN MS): FOOTNOTE

1 Priests intend treachery, and guile turns into figures of speech

THE PROPHECY OF MERLIN (DUBLIN MS): NOTES

5 Albyon. The legendary, antique name for Britain, as in Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain. The fool in King Lear quotes this or a related poem when he says: "Then shall the realm of Albion / Come to great confusion" (III.ii.85-86).

6 A M CCCC lx and on. RHR does not print this part of the poem, nor does he include the material I have here numbered 7-10 as if it were subjoined to the above six lines. The lyrics are separate poems, yet the thought seems to be related. The dating 1461 should be compared with "When Rome Is Removed" lines 60-63.

7-10 Longe berde . . . thrifles. These lines, which constitute a separate poem, are part of a catalogue genre that Siegfried Wenzel terms "Type A" complaint lyrics. Wenzel terms them a priamel, "in which a list of individual instances, the abusiva, leads to a 'particular point of interest or importance,' the 'evil things' of the last line" (Preachers, Poets, and the Early English Lyric [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986], p. 178). The "Type A" lyrics derive from De duodecim abusivis (the twelve abuses: seventh century, although attributed to Cyprian), a popular Latin treatise used extensively by medieval preachers; and Wenzel believes that many of these verses "derive from a native and oral tradition" (p. 181). See the discussion and many examples Wenzel provides in chapter 6. Lines 7-10 of the present lyric - which also appears in The Brut (Wenzel, p. 180) - resemble the moralizing "Abuses of the Age" lyrics, with their "world upside down" contents. RHR prints the following fragment attributed to "Aluredus king" (sayings of King Alfred) from the flyleaf of Trinity College Cambridge MS 108 (thirteenth-century):

Ald man witles        yung man recheles        wyman ssameles         betere ham were lifles

Old shameless for them to be

See RHR, p. 328, and the poem which this note glosses ("Bissop lorles, / Kyng redeles"): Abuses of the Age, I from British Library MS Harley 913 fol. 6v (Index § 1820). The "Proverbs of Alfred" (c. 1175, frequently edited) were an amorphous collection of gnomic sayings generically related to The Distichs of Cato. See S. O. Arngart, The Proverbs of Alfred, 2 vols. (Lund: Gleerup, 1942-55), and Derek Pearsall, Old English and Middle English Poetry (London: Routledge, 1977), pp. 77-79. The Proverbs of Alfred have also been edited by Richard Morris (EETS o.s. 49, 1872), W. W. Skeat (1907), J. Hall (1920), and Brandl and Zippel (2nd ed., 1927). For similar examples of "Abuses of the Age" verses, see When Rome Is Removed lines 5-9 and note to line 5; The Letter of John Ball (from Stow's Annales); Ball's Letter in the Addresses of the Commons from Henry of Knighton's Chronicon: lines 35-41.