|
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320 325 330 335 340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 390 395 400 405 410 415 420 425 430 435 440 445 450 455 460 465 470 475 480 485 490 495 500 505 510 515 520 525 530 535 540 545 550 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 590 595 600 605 610 615 620 625 630 635 640 645 650 655 660 665 670 675 680 685 690 695 700 705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740 745 750 755 760 765 770 775 780 785 790 795 800 805 810 815 820 825 830 835 840 845 850 855 860 865 870 875 880 885 890 895 900 905 910 915 920 925 930 |
Who shal graunten to myn eyen a strong streme of teres To wailen and to wepyn the sorwyng of synne? For charite is chasid and flemed out of londe, And every state stakerth, unstable in him-silfe. Now apperith the prophecie that Seint Joon seide To joyne therto Johel in his soth sawis: The moone is al blodi and dymme on to lokyn, That signefieth lordship forslokend in synne; The sterres ben on erthe throwun and fallen to the erthe, And so is the comounte treuli oppressid. The sunne is eclipsid with al his twelve pointes By erroure and heresie that rengnith in the Chirche. Now is oure bileve laft, and Lollardi growith, Envie is enhaunsid and aproched to preestes That shulden enforme her flok in ground of Goddis lawe, To love her God sovereynli and sithen her brothir. Bot not for thanne now is taught hindring of states, 1 And pursuynge of poverte that Crist hath approved. Now is that seed of cisme sowen in the Chirche; The whete fadith with the floure, our fode is forto feche, 2 Foxes frettid in fere wasten the cornes, And Cristes vine is vanishid to the verray rote. Now Achan spoilith Jerico and lyveth of the thefte, And so lyven this Lollardis in her fals fablis. Datan and Abiron and Chorees children With newe senceres ensencen the auters of synne. Baal preestes ben bolde sacrifice to make, And mortel maladi crepith in as a canker; And thus is Jak Uplond fodid with folie, And thourgh formyng of his formerer thus freyneth a frere. 3 "On wounder wise," seith Jak, "freres ye ben growun, Sowen in youre sectes of Anticristis hondes; Unboxom to bishopis not lege men to kynges; Wede, corn, ne gras wil ye not hewen, Ne lyven with Jakke in labour, but al to your ese." Jak, thi former is a fole that thus thee hath yfourmed To make so lewid an argument ayens so many freres, That better knowen lightles her Doctours and her Bible 4 Than he can rede his troper bi a long torche. 5 But, Jak, though thi questions semen to thee wyse, Yit lightly a lewid man maye leyen hem a water. For summe ben lewid, summe ben shrewid, summe falsly supposid, 6 And therfore shal no maistir ne no man of scole Be vexid with thy maters but a lewid frere That men callen Frere Daw Topias, as lewid as a leke. The sotil witt of wyse men shulde tempte us wel soone To medelin with thi malice as longe as thou wolt, And fleme us from felowship and done us of dawe. That we ben not lege men, Jak, lowde thou lyest, For lenger than we lyven so, abide we not in londe. We obeien to bishopes as boxomnesse askith, Althowgh not so fer forth as seculer preestes; For Holy Chirche hath us hent and happid with grace, To were us from wederes of wynteres stormes. Wede, corn, ne gras have we not to hewen, Ne with Jakke Uplond ferme the dikes. Although Poul in his pistele laborers preise, Displesith him not the preestes that syngen her masses. For right as in thi bodi, Jake, ben ordeyned thin hondis, For thin heed, and for thi feet, and for thin eyen to wirken: Right so the comoun peple God hath disposid To laboren for Holi Chirche and lordshipis also. A, forwrithen serpent, thi wyles ben aspied! With a thousand wrynkels thou vexest many soules. Thi malice is so michel thou maist not forhele, But thi venym with vehemens thou spittist al at ones. Thou seist we ben confounders of prelates and of lordes. But, Jakke, bi my lewte, lowde thou lyest, 7 For telle me bi oure counseile: what lord hath ben confoundid, Or what prelat of ony pepil put in ony peril? But sith that wickide worme - Wiclyf be his name - Began to sowe the seed of cisme in the erthe, Sorowe and shendship hath awaked wyde, In lordship and prelacie hath growe the lasse grace. 8 Jak, thou seist with symonye the seven sacramentes we sellen, And preien for no men but yif thei wil paien. God wote, Jakke, thou sparist here the sothe, And er we departen us a-soundre, it shal wel be shewid. But oon is the sacrament that we han to dispensen Off penaunce to the peple whan nede askith. I trowe it be thi paroche preest, Jacke, that thou meenest, That nyl not hosel his parischens til the peny be paied, 9 Ne assoilen hem of her synne withouten schrift silver. 10 Jakke, of thi foli thou feynest fife ordres, And yit ben ther but foure foundid in the lawe, Falsly as thou seist, and soone shal be distroied. Jakke, thi lewid prophecie I preise not at a peese; Somme fantasie of Fiton hath marrid thi mynde. Thou prophete of Baal, thi god is a-slepe, The goodnesse of the Goost may not lighten upon thee. Whi presumyst thou so proudli to prophecie these thingis, And wost no more what thou blaberest than Balames asse? Thou mayntenist in thi mater that matrimony thus we marren, But this arowe shal turne ayen to him that it sent; For thou and thi secte sothli ye schenden, In as moche as ye may, the sacramentis seven; And reles of synne, and grauntyng of grace, And Cristis bitter passioun, ye sette not at an hawe. 11 Who marrith more matrimonie, ye or the freris? With wrenchis and wiles wynnen mennes wyves, And maken hem scolers of the newe scole, And reden hem her forme in the lowe chaier; To maken hem perfit in your lawe thei rede your rounde rollis, And callen hem forth her lessouns with "Sister, me redith!" Jak, thou seist that we bilden the castels of Caym. It is Goddis hous, oold schrewe, that we ben aboute! To mayntenen his servauntis to singe and to reden, And bidden for the peple, as we ben beholden. Clerkes sein that Salomon made a solempne temple, And yit was it bot figure of oure newe chirche, That ech holi hous that Crist Him-silf indwellith. Jak, thou seist ful serpentli, and sowdiours us thou callist, 12 Sette for our sutilte in Anticristis vaunwarde. Crist in the Gospel rehersith a rewle, How ech man shal be knowun oonli bi his werkes; And if we were founden on Anticristis side Oure werkes shulden shewen, Jakke, ful soone. The werkes of Anticrist persuen oure bileve, So do the disciplis of your sory secte, Shending the sacramentis, salve to oure soris; Who tythith bot ye the anet and the mente, Sterching your faces to be holden holi, Blaunchid graves ful of dede bones, Wandrynge wedercokkes with every wynd waginge? The spiritis of the devel makyn youre tokenys! Thourgh quenching of torches in your taylende ye resseyve your wisdom. 13 Youre preching is perilouse; it poiseneth sone; As honyed venym it crepith in swot. Jak, in the Apocalypse ful pertli ye be peintid, Whan the seven angels blowun there seven trompes, To warne Anticristis meyne of oure Lordes comyng: With her sterne stormes astonye al the erthe, Reve men of her rest, and ferli hem afese. The first angel, with his blast, he noieth ful sore, Hayl and fier myngid with blood he sendith to the erthe. By the tokenyng that your preching, Jak, makith obstinat hertis, 14 Your daliaunce inducith ir and envie. Who ben more Fariseis than sunderers of soulis, 15 The which in her interpretacion "divisioun" ben callid? And your teching in an hour wil breke mo love-daies Than ye mowe brynge to-gidere vii yere aftir! The secounde aungel with his blast smytith with drede, And an huge hill is sent adoun in to the salt water. The thridde party of creaturis ben bitter therof, 16 For Sathanas by your sawes is sent in to soulis That ben ful unsavery and salttid by synne: The bitternesse of your bacbityng brewith many bales. The thridde angel sent doun a sterre from heven, Bremli brennynge as a bround - Wermode it was callid. 17 Wermode, Jak, moost verreli was Wiclif your maistir. With men in his begynnynge litht lemed he by cunnynge, 18 But aftir, with wrong wrytyng, he wroughte mykil care, And, presumynge perilously, foul fel from the chirche, Missaverynge of the sacrament, infectyng many other. Thus brenneth he yit as a bronde, consumyng many soulis, That in her hard obstinacy growen schides of helle. Maximine ne Maniche nevere wroughten more wrake; 19 Therfore from wele is he went, and woo mote him wryng. The fourthe aungel with his blast smytith right smerte. The thridde party of the sonne with dymmenes is dirked, Off the moone and of the sterres and of the day also; And the egle in the eyre thries `Ve!' westheth. The sonne is Holy Chirche and lordship the moone, The sterres ben the comuns, as I seid bifore, And alle these ben alured to youre sory secte. And summe of ech of these astates ben privyly apoisond, Therfore thries `Ve!' is manassid upon you, For three manere of synnes that comunly ye usen: Ve for envye, ve for ypocrisie, and ve for your leccherie. Whan the fift angel blew, ther was a pit opend, Ther rose smotheryng smoke and breses therinne. Alle thei weren lich horsis araied in to bataile, Thei stongen as scorpioun, and hadden mannis face, Tothed as a lioun with haburjouns of iren. This pitte is the depnes, Jak, of your malice, The smorthering smoke is your dymme doctrine, That flieth out from the flawmes of the develis malice, That troublith and blindith the iyen of mannis resoun. The breses ben not ellis but Anticristis menye, With short legges bifore and longe bihinde, The which pretenden first mekenesse of herte, And aftir rysyng to arrogaunce disdeynynge al other 20 That ye ben lyke scorpions signefieth not ellis But that ye flateren aforn and venym casten bihinde. Ye ben also lich horses redy in to bateil, By woodnesse and foolhardinesse for heresie to dien. 21 Ye ben tothed as lioun by stynkyng detraccion. Your haburjons that ye han upon ben cauteles and sleightes, 22 Ech intrikid in other to snarre symple soules; But that thei ben of iren, obstinacie is schewid, For the which with Farao in helle ye wil be dampned. At the sixt aungels blast, foure aungels there were lousid, The whiche were redye, bothe day and nyghte, men forto noien, To sleen the thridde part of men with fiyr, smoke, and brymstone. Foure angels singnefien foure general synnes, Sett up bi Sir Adam, Jakke, among your maistris: Cediciouns, supersticions, the glotouns, and the proude, Poverte preamblis to presse aforne Anticristis comyng 23 To sleen the thridde party of men with thre deedly dartis Off envie, pride, and leschry stynkynge. For sum ben perfit, sum ben yvel, sum ben unstable, The perfit wole not ben hirt, the yvel ben alredy, 24 But thei that ben unstable resseyven the strokes, And thei ben clepid the thridde part of hem that ben dede. The seventhe angel blew his trumpe and noise in heven was made, That the kyngdom of this world shulde falle to Cristis hondis, Betokenyng that though Anticrist with his myghti meyne Shulde for a short tyme bi tirantrie intrusyve, Yit shal God gader his flok to-gider and rengne without eende. Jak, thus to dubby with Scripture me thinkith grete folie, For as lewid am I as thou, God wote the sothe. I know not an a from the wynd mylne Ne a b from a bole foot - I trowe ne thi-silf nothir. And yit, for al my lewidhed, I can wel undirstonde That this privy processe perteneth to your secte, And we as giltles therof as ye of Crisitis blessyng. It ar ye that stonden bifore in Anticristis vanwarde, And in the myddil, and in the rerewarde, ful bigly enbatailid. The devel is your duke, and pride berith the baner, Wraththe is youre gunner, envie is your archer, Your coveitise castith fer, your leccherie brennith; Glotony giderith stickes therto, and sleuthe myneth the wallis. 25 Malice is your men of armes, and trecherie is your aspie; Thus semith that ye, more than we, be Anticristis frendis. Jak, of perfit paciens holilich thou me prechist, To kep it if I will sitte on Cristis owne side. But good Jak, herdist thou evere how Judicare cam in to Crede? No more skil thou canst of paciens, Jak, so God me spede; 26 For thi schreude herte and He ben as afere a-sundir As Lucifer is from heven and Gabriel from helle - The which, as many man suposis, shal nevere mete to-gider. On old Englis it is seid "unkissid is unknowun," And many men speken of Robyn Hood and shotte nevere in his bowe. Now, Jak, to thi questions nedis me moste answer, Althowgh thei wanten sentence and god thrift bothe. "Which is the moost perfit ordre," Jakke, thou askist, And "how many ordres ther ben in erthe?" "Off what ordre art thou, frere, and who made thin ordre?" Iff thou wolt have the highest ordre, seke it in heven, In the blessid Trinite that fourmed us alle, Where flowith the Sunne from the Fadir, the Holigost from hem bothe, Noon gretter in degre, no more perfite than other. 27 But the ordre that there is, is in her proceding, And if we comen lower, there finde we holy angels, Stablid in thre ierarchies, dividid in ordres nyne. Seraphim he is the sovereynest, in charite he brennith, And of al ordris in erthe I holde preesthood the highest, That han the principal partis of men, and kingis han the bodies, And this is the Popes decre in comoun lawe. But paraunter, Jak, thou menest of religious ordre, Of templeres, hospitalers, chanouns, monkes and freres. Jak, in this mater, loke Seint Thomas bokes, And thei shal thee techen and enfourme at the fulle. How many ordris ther ben can I not telle, But if I cowde calkyn al manniskynde Forto loken how many kyndes oure Lord hath yfourmed, But evermore betwene two and two, Jak, thou shalt fynden ordre. Off what ordre I am, and who made myn ordre, Jakke, fast thou fraynest, and fayn woldist wite. 28 I am of Cristis ordre, Jak, and Crist made myn ordre - Ensaumple in the Gospel in many sondry place. For who taughte obedience, chastite, and poverte? Hopist thou not it was Crist, and fulfillid in Him-silf, In which ech religion perfitly is groundid, Reversynge the soorie synnes notid of the postle: 29 Lust of fleish, and lust of iye, and pride in oure lyvynge? On this three, Jak, bi my lewte, is groundid al your colage. 30 Iff I breke myn ordre, I breke Goddis lawe, And if I be punishid for that oon, I am ponishid for that other, Bot the contrarie of this, Jak, thou falsly afermest. Jacke boy, if ony religioun be more perfit than techith Seint Jame - Either more appreved of God - fayne thou woldist witen. Iff I seie yee, thou askist where it is foundid, And if I nayt that thou seist, thus thou procedist. Thou seist that I contrarie Cristis owne rewlis, Bidinge yeve to the pore in peyne of dampnacion, And we piken from the pore and riche al that we may geten. Jak, thou shewist sikirli what scole thou hast ben inne: Of sutiltee of arguyng me thinkith thi brayn ful thinne. Go grees a sheep undir the taile - that semeth the beter Than with sotil sillogismes to perbrake thi witt. Jak, in James pistles al religioun is groundid, For there is maad mencion of two perfit lyves That actif and contemplatif comounli ben callid, Fulli figurid bi Marie and Martha hir sistir, By Peter and bi Joon, bi Rachel and bi Lya. These lyves ben groundid in charite bi diverse degrees, By men of professiouns makyng sundri religiouns And evident ensaumple moun techen us the waye. For sum fleen from the world and closen hem-silf in wallis 31 And steken hem in stones, and litil wole thei speken, To fleen sich occasiouns as foly wole fynden, And these we clepen "ancres" in the comoun speche. Also in contemplacion there ben many other That drawen hem to disert and drye myche peyne, By eerbis, rootis, and fruyte lyven for her Goddis love; And this manere of folk men callen "heremytes." The thridde degree there is - not forto be dispisid - Off sich as ben gaderid in coventis to-gidere, 32 Off the which men spekith David in his Psalmis. "Se," he seith, "how merie it is to dwelle to-gider"; The which for worldly combraunce kepen in cloistris, 33 On hert and oon soule havyng with the apostlis, And this clepe we "monasticale" that kendly is knowun. Mo, Jak, in contemplacion there ben diverse degrees, And aftir that charite growith in hem, the more is her mede. 34 Off actif lyf I shulde thee tellen, yf that I hadde tyme, And shewen how men bi charite ben holden to helpe her bretheren - Somm with paynymes forto fighte, oure feith to defende, Somm forto make purvyaunce for seke and for pore, Somme forto preche to the puple aftir her synne askith, And somme in bothe lyves laboren full soore, Liche unto the angels in Jacobis ladder. See now, Jak, thi-silf, how these bothe lyves Opinli ben expressid in the epistle of James: "Cleen religioun it is," he seith, "to visite the widewis, The fadirles and the modirles - lo! actif lyf expressid - And undefoulid, us to kepen from al worldly werkes." Byhold, of contemplacioun opinli he spekith, So this may be resonably the conclusioun of my tale: That no religion more is than techith Sent Jame. Jak, thou seist we piken from the pore and from the riche, And not yeven ayenward though that thei ben nedy. 35 That almes is pykyng I fynde it in thi boke, And I herde it nevere aforn in no manere scripture. But if alwey pikers, Jak, thou wolt us maken, Ther we piken but seely pans, thi secte pikith poundis. What we yeven to the pore, it nedith not thee to telle, For almesdede shul be hid and sweten in thin hondis. "Whi bi mannes mariage ye ben weddid to your abitis Wele harder than worldly men ben weddid to her wyves, Which thei mowe leeve and let go as longe as hem list?" Jak, for siche manere scole ye cacchen Cristis curse, So freli to mayntenen Maniches errours, To make men breke her matrimonye and leeve her wyves, And whan the goode man is oute, pleye thei god rode. Jak, to oure abite be we not weddid More than eny preest is weddid to his coroun That is over-growun with heer, and he preest nevere the lesse, Or ellis shulde every barbour make newe preestes. Right so oure clothis maken us not men of religion, But oonli oure profession byndith us to the stake, And so apostasie mowe we maken in oure soule, Liche men of religion abidinge in oure abitis. If Sathanas were transfirgurid in to his forme fairnesse, Trowist thou he were ought ellis but a dampned aungel? And so not for the levynge of oure clothis we be not punishid, But bicause it bitokeneth forsakyng of oure reule; And, Jacke, no more than thi sadil makith thin hors a mere, No more makith oure abitis monkes ne freris. Jak, of oure presciouse clothis fast thou carpist, The which ben so fyne that noman werith better. Every man may perseyve apertli, Jakke, that thou liest; Were we no sendal, ne satyn, ne goldun clothis, And these passen in presciousitee many-foold ouris. But if my cloth be over presciouse, Jakke, blame the werer, For myn ordre hath ordeyned al in good mesure. Thou axist me, Jacke, of my grete hood, what that it meeneth, My scapelarie, and my wide cope, and the knottide girdil. What meeneth thi tipet, Jakke, as longe as a stremer, That hangith longe bihinde and kepith thee not hoot? An hool cloith of scarlet may not make a gowne, And the cloith of oo man myghte hele half a doseyne. The pokes of purchace hangen to the erthe. Why is thi gowne, Jakke, widder than thi cote? And thi cloke al above as round as a belle, Sith lasse myghte serve to kepe thee from coold? Jak, answere thou to that oon, and I shal to that other. My grete coope that is so wijd signefieth charite That largeli longith to be sprad to sibbe and to frende, 36 Figurid in the faire cloith of Salomons table, And bi wedding garnement that Crist hadde at His feeste. My greet hood behynde, shapun as a sheeld, Suffraunce in adversitee sothely hit scheweth, Herbi to reseyve repreef for oure Goddis sake. Or ellis bisynesse of oure feith it may wel bitokene, Which that ye Lollardes constreyne you to distroie. The scapelarie also that keverith the schuldris, It bitokeneth boxumnesse dewe unto oure prelatis, And boxomly bere birthuns that they wole leyen upon us. 37 Off the knottide girdil knowe I no mysterie; Therfore what it meeneth, axe Frere Menours. But Jacke, amonge oure chateryng yit wolde I wite Whi that the Lollardis weren moost greye clothis. I trowe to shewe the colour that signefieth symplenesse, And withinne, seith Crist, ye ben ravenous wolves. "Whi," seist thou, "holde we more scilence in oon hous than another, Sith over-al a man is holden forto seie the goode?" To thi lewide question Salomon thus answerith: Est tacens sciens tempus apti temporis, et homo sapiens tacet usque ad tempus. Tempus tacendi, tempus loquendi. Et iterum. Sicut urbs patens absque murorum ambitu, ita qui in loquendo non potest cohibere spiritum suum. Thus perfit scilens bi Scripture is approved. Jakke, if thou undirstonde no Latyn, go to thi paroche prest, And undur you bothe, with Goddis grace, marren ye wolen ful yvele. 38 Whi also ete we no fleish in every hous iliche, But chesen therto an hous and leeven another? Jak, if every hous were honest to ete fleish inne, Than were it honest to ete in a gonge. Whi is not thi table sett in thi cow stalle? And whi etist thou not in thi shipun, as wele as in thin halle? But al is good ynowgh for thee where that evere thou sittist. Whi doith not thi cow make myry wedir in thi dish? But, Jacke, in this mater appose thou the monkes, For thei kepen this sermonie more streiter than freris. 39 More-over thou mevest, Jak, another mater: If oure patrouns be perfit and oure reule also, Whi renne we to Rome to be assoilid Of the oth that we han maad, and be Popis freris? Jak, summe rennen to Rome, but mo ther ben at hoom, And dewli done her dever aftir that thei han chosen, 40 And that the Lollardis forthinken ful soore. Ye wolden that there were as many freris as ther ben moones, And though there were oon lesse, ye yave nevere tale, That ye myghten have your reyke and prechen what you list, And with your privy pestilence enpoisoun the peple. Jak, that Judas was a shrewe, what was Crist the worse? 41 And so that summe ben exempt and rennen to your ritis, And summe bi apostasie ben Sathanas servauntis, Whi shulde oure patrouns be ever the lasse perfit? Ferthermore, "Whi make ye you as men dede, Sith in begginge ye ben as quic as ben ony other, And unsemeli it is to see deed men begge?" Jak, me thinkith thou lernedist nevere of Poulis pistlis, Whiche in a fewe shorte wordes answerith to thi sentence: Quasi morientes et ecce vivimus. Glossa: quasi morientes, id est, de vicio in vicium secundum opinionem aliquorum; et ecce vivimus, in bonis operibus in rei veritate. So though we ben deed to the world, aftir thin opynyon, Yit is oure soule in the bodi, and grace in the soule. "Whi," seist thou, "suffre ye not your children to come in to your conseil, If it be good and able and aftir Goddis lawe?" A, Jak! mafey, me merveilith moche of thin lewidheed! Herdist thou nevere how Crist was transfigurid in the hil And ther to his privyte he chees but three apostlis, Forbedinge hem to tell that conceil ony ferther? And so were there nyne fro that conceil refusid. Crist also took to Him alle his twelve apostlis, And tretide of His passioun in right privy maner; And the rude peple that folowiden knewe no thing therof. Shal we, Jak, therfore seie his conceil was not able - Suspect, and not good confourmed to Goddis lawe? Another cause resonable, me thinkith I can telle, For counceil owith to be kept and not to be clatrid, And children ben ay clatringe, as thou wel knowest. Another skil may be groundid of Salomons sawis: "To him," he seith, "that is wijs, it longith to kepe conceil, And children ful seldun ben foundun wijs." Jak, wolt thou telle thi knave as myche as thi wyf? Forthermore thou spekest of oure costly housis. Thou seist it were more almes to helpen the nedy Than to make siche housynge to men that ben deede, To whiche longith but graves and mornynge housis. Jak, is not a man beter than a rude best? Yit makist thou to thi sheep a shepen, and to thi hors a stable, And many a pore man ther is that hath noon hillyng. But oonli heven is his hous; the bestes stond kevered. Whi houses thou not pore men as wele as thi beestis? Take hede to sumwhat that is seid biforen, And thou answere to my question, answer to thin owne. Thou carpist also of oure coveitise and sparist the sothe. Thou seist we ben more ryal than ony lordis. Coventis have we noon, Jacke, but cloistrers we ben callid, Foundid afor with charite or that he were flemyd. 42 But sith entride envie and revyd hath oure houses, That unnethes the hillinge hangith on the sparres. 43 And yit thou thinkist hem over good; yvel fare thou therfore! 44 Jak, where saw thou ever frere houses thourghout the rewme, Lich in ony realte to the toure of Londoun, To Wyndesore, to Wodestoke, to Wallingforde, to Shene, To Herforde, to Eltham, to Westmynster, to Dover? How maist thou for rebykyng lye so lowde, To saye that oure coveitise passith the lordes? But so longe, by my leute, thou hast lerned to lyen, That thi tonge is letteroun of lyes, thou lettist for no shame. "We leten," thou seist, "to lymytours, al this rewme to ferme," 45 As that we were welders and lordes of alle. Unsikir thing, sothly, it were to sette to ferme, 46 And fooles were the fermeres to taken it to tax. I trowe thou menys the pardonysters of Seint Thomas of Acres, Of Antoun, or of Runcevale, that rennen so fast aboute. For of the kynges rewme have we no more astate Than thou hast of Paradis or of the blisse of heven, For the which, I trowe, thou maist of hasilwode singe. "Why," seist thou, "paye ye to no taliage to oure Cristen kynge, Sith Crist paiede tribut to the hethene emperour?" Jak, of no dewte ne of no dette paide Crist noo tribute, 47 But oonliche of mekenesse, performynge the lawe, And forto fleen occasioun of aftirward apechinge; Whan that afor Pilat He shulde be forjugid. But aftir the Scripture preesthode shulde not paien To tax ne to taliage with the comun peple; For whan the folk of Israhel were putt undir servage, Pharao suffride preestes in her former fredome To be saved and susteyned of the comoun store. But now is the compleynt of Jeremye trewe: The prince of provynces sugette is undir tribute. Not for thanne the comun lawe may wel suffren That preesthode may paye bi assent of prelatis, Freli of her owne wille, no thing constreynede. And thus prelatis and persouns aftir her state, Ben stended to paien what that nede askith, But neithir freres ne annuellers save now late. God woot it worchipeth not to beggen of beggers. 48 Off lettris of brothirhood also, Jak, thou spekist, And wounders that we wynnen noon of pore men and of preestis, 49 And yit ye desiren that every man shulde have your lettris. Of pore mennes preieris to be persevers we wolden, 50 And of her lettris, and of her sele, if autentike thei weren. But of your preestis Pater Nosters we desiren noon, For comunliche her blake bedes thei delen to freris, But thei shal cleve unto thi chekes and Cristis curse also. As wissely as we holden us not more perfit than ony other, Ne no suffragies sellen for a certeyn bi yere, 51 Ne maken men more perfit than her blessid baptisme, For praier may not satyllyn but oonliche on them alle. And so that gilden trentels that thou spekist of, That now is purchasid of preestis out of freris hondis, Delyverith noo soule out of the peyne of helle, Ne purgen may of purgatory but as it is deserved, For charite is the mesure that demeth that meyne. Also thou seist, Jak, that we men enformen, That oure holy abite shulde helpen men fro helle, And nameliche tho that ben beried therinne; And Cristis clothis dide not so, ne noon of the apostlis. Jak, that frere was over lewid that lernede the this lessoun. Or on thi ficul fantasie thou faynyst this fable, For Austyns ne Prechours proponen no siche pointis. Whether the Carmes of her copes mowe mayntenen siche an errour, 52 Or whether Seint Fraunce hath geten to his habite That vertu be his grace, witterly me ne wote, But wel I wote that Cristis cloith helide a womman From the longe fluxe of blood, as the Gospel tellith. But His predestinacion may onlich save soulis, And His privy presciens may dampne whom Him list. Jak, ferthermore of felony thou felly us enpechest, Of stelyng of children to drawe hem to oure sectis. To tille folk to Godward I holde it no theft, But if thou calle Crist a theef that dide the same, Sayinge to the riche man, "Go, and selle thi goodis, And gif hem to the pore, yif thou wole be perfit, And aftirward folowe me and be my disciple." And in the same Gospel se what he seith also: "Who so forsake not his fadir and his modir, His sone and his doughtir, his sistir and his brothir, His lond and his tenementes, and him-selven also, He nys not worthi to ben my folower." And to His twelfe chosen, eftsoones He seide: "Behold fro the world I have chosen you alle, That ye gon and beren fruyte, and your fruyte may dwellyn." And thus to reven the world and spoilen him of his persouns - It ne is no robery but Criste appreved thefte. Thou seist also ferthermore that "prestis shul not enprisoun, For it nys not foundid in al Goddis lawe, But undirnym bi charite and so wynnen her brothir, And yif he wil not be so wonnen, have him as hethene"; And thus bi thin opynyon no man shulde be enprisound. But, Jakke, in thi frensy thou fonnest more and more! Thou wenyst to make to me a diche, thou fallist thi-silf therinne! 53 For if thou pursue thi purpos, thou assentist thi-silf in tresoun, Menusynge the kyngis majeste, privyng him of his power. For if we taken the Gospel aftir the menynge, Nethir emperour ne kyng may honge ne drawe, Heved, ne enprisoun, ne haunte no domes, But al in fair manere shulen ben undirnomen; And who wil not amenden him, yeve him the brydil, And bothe robbers and revers, mansleeris and treytours, And al maner mawfesours shulden ben unpounishid. Jak, the Pope hath a prisoun, and yit he is a prest, The bishop of Cantirbury and of Londoun also, And many other bishopis bi leeve of her kyng. Art thou hardy to seien it is not Goddis lawe? But I blame thee not gretli, though thou bere hem hevy, 54 For goldsmythis of thi crafte ofte haveth hem haunted, And yit thei shulen ofter, bi the helpe of heven. Also, thou seist no sacrament we covetyn ne desiren, 55 But schrift and biryynge, that longeth to the peple. 56 Alas, Jak, for shame! Why art thou so fals Forto reverse thi-silf in thin owne sawes? Thou seidist in thi begynnynge, whan thou seidist of freres, Thei sellen seven sacramentes with Symoundis eyris, And now that we coveite noon but the sacrament of schrifte, For beriynge is no sacrament but an almesdede. Thou jawdewyne, thou jangeler, how stande this to-gider? 57 By verre contradiccion thou concludist thi-silf, And bryngest thee to the mete there I wolde have thee. Who wolde take entent to suche wreches wordes, That nevere more yeveth tale to be take with a lesyng? 58 Whi, axist thou ferthermore, wil we not shryven Ne birien the pore as wel as the riche, And do other dedes of almes done at her nede? 59 But if we schryve not the pore, whi ben perssons so wrothe, And paroche preestes also, for schryvynge of her parishens? For every lenten us ayen thei aleggen the lawe 60 Off Omnis utriusque sexus, with the favourable glooses. But, Jak, do thi won and lette not to lyene, 61 I have as leef thi leesing as thi soth saw, 62 For who is oonis suspect, he is half honged. Thou seist that we prechen fallace and fables And not Goddis Gospel to good undirstondinge, And we ben more holdun therto than to alle other reulis, For we wynnen more therwith than Crist and His apostlis. What we ben holdun to I wil not forsake, For moche of oure lyvynge is of the Gospel. So dide Poul and other disciplis, And lyvede of colectis made generali bi chirchis For sustinance of prechours and also of the pore. And if thou leve not me, loke Poulis pistlis, And the glose therwith, and there thou shalt fynde it. Quis, inquit, militat suis stipendijs unquam? Et iterum, Dominus ordinavit hijs qui evangelium annunciant, de evangelio vivere. And so to his prechours Crist also thus seide: In quamcumque domum intraveritis, manete in eadem edentes et bibentes etc. Dignus est enim operarius mercede sua. Et ad Romanos: Probaverunt Macedones et Achaya colleccionem facere in pauperes sanctorum qui sunt in Iherusalem. Ayens that thou saist, that we prechen but fallace and fables And leve the Gospel that moste us al save: Loke that every werke is knowen pleinli bi his eende; And so the peple hath the pathes of feith and of bileve, And, God woote, freres prechinge hath wrought to this ende. But ye han cast cursidly Cristendome to distroye, And of Cristis Gospel make Machometis lawe, Ayens whom with opin mouth other while we romee, And sumtyme brynge you til a bay, if God wil it graunte. For this cause ye calle us "bastard branchis," Pursuyng preestes to prisoun, and to fire also. But, Jak, thei ben bastard braunches that launchen from oure bileve, And writhyn wrongli away from Holy Chirche techinge. Siche beren yvel fruyte and soure to atasten, Worthi to noon other good but in the fire to brenne. And so forto pursue an heretike to fire or to prisoun; I holde it more holsum than to halewe a chirche In prisonynge of the poysen that mortherith many soulis, 63 Aftir Cristis doctrine in the holy Gospel: Omnis, inquit, arbor quae non fert fructum bonum excidetur et in ignem mittetur. Et iterum. Qui non manserit in me, mittetur foras sicut palmes, et arescet: et colligent, et in ignem mittetur - Disseverynge you from the tree that is Crist Him-silfe. But how shulden freres pursue heresie, And many of hem wite not what heresie meneth? Jak, I am not lettered but I am Frere Dawe, And can telle wel a fyn what heresie amountith. Heresie that is Grw is divisioun on Latyn, The whiche in our langage meneth "sunderyng" and "partyng." He thanne that sundrith him from Crist and His Chirche And frely forgith sentences contrarious to oure feith, Siche manere of forgers heretikes we callen, And also her felowis taken the same name; And her sory sentences ben clepid heresies - But namely whan thei ben holdun of obstinat hertis, And I shal this mater more largely declare. Sixe maner of heretikes ben foundun in the lawe, For he is callid an heretike that rasith oure bileve. And he is callid an heretike that heresies sowith, As Arrians, Wyclyfanes, Sabellyanes, and other. And the corruptours of Scripturis heretikes ben holdun, That other-wise undirstondin than the Holigoost techith. Also we clepen hem heretikes that sacramentis sellyn, Or ben from hem dividid bi cursynge of the Chirche. He is also an heretike that doutith our bileve, And with a litil evydence goith out of the waye. 64 And also an heretike him shulde we holde That distrieth privyleges grauntid of the Pope. This sixe maners put Hostiensis in his Summe, And if this sentence be soth, I can noon other seien But thou and thi secte ben heretikes alle. Jak, thou spekist forthermore of messis and of preires And askist what we sellen whan we seyen oure messe - Whether the sacrament, our preieres, or our traveile; And if ony of this we done, thou arguest a greet errour. Jak, unto this questioun onwyse may be answerid, Aftir that Seint Austyn spekith of the apostlis. "The apostlis," a seith, "reseyved frely her breed, Of hem that freely token her techinge." And so, Jak, frely graunte we our masse to hem That freely yeven us her almesse, And synnen no wyse bi noon other vice, To selle no sacramentis ne spiritual preier. And thus among freres gete thei no logginge, But bete hem to gretter men and geten her herbegage 65 Of patronis of chirchis, or privyly with preestes, Which to fatte benefices wolde be promotid. Jak, suppose that my labour I selle, What wil thou seie therto? Do I ony symonye? How than shal tho persons seye that setten her chirches to ferme, 66 That ben more spiritual than bodili traveile, And these paroche preestes that ministren the sacramentis For a certen sawd bi yeer of ten mark or of twelfe, And al these annuellers that syngen for a tyme, Takyng for her traveil as thei may acorde? But thei can answere for hem-silf, and we shal for us. Another mater ther is meved, that touchith begging thou seist, That we falsly Crist Him-silf disclaundren, to seie that He beggid, Sith He was Lord of al, and al in His demeyns. But for this mater, Jacke, thou most undirstonde That Crist in His godhede is Lord of alle thingis, As testimonie of Scripture preveth in many places. As touching His manheed, He was nedi and pore, For of his nede spake David in his Psalmes: Ego, inquit, mendicus sum et pauper; et Dominus sollicitus est mei. And aftir Austin and Jerom this word of Crist was seid, So thanne these twey stonden wel to-gidere: That Crist aftir oo kynde was Lord of alle, And aftir that other nedide to begge. For if Crist seie soth, Him-silf ne hadde noon harborow To resten in His owne heed, and steken out the stormes - Vulpes, inquit, etc., ubi caput suum reclinet. And if we shulen yeve credence to doctours wordes, Heere what seith Seint Jerom and Seint Bernard also: Cave, inquit Jeronimus, ne mendicante Deo tuo alienas divicias augeas. Et Bernardus. Ut te, Domine, per omnia nostre paupertati conformares, quasi unus in turba pauperum stipem per hostia mendicabas. Wherfore thou feynest fonnedli that oure Lord we sclaundre Or ellis oure holy doctours diden not her dever. Jak, have no merveyle that I speke Latyn, For oones I was a manciple at Mertoun Halle, And there I lernede Latyn bi roote of clerkes. Of clamour us also begging thou chaterist and crijst, 67 And seist it is uttirli forbodun in Goddis lawe. Jak, the blynde begger sat bi the weye And lowde criede upon Crist, as the Gospel tellith, But him was yovun iye-sight, for al his grete noise. And also the pore man at the specious yate Praiede to the apostlis to parten of her almes, And ther the begger unreproved, of crokidnesse he was heelid. I foryete not the lazar that beggide of the riche, And criede lowde at his gate to cachen his almes. Where redist thou that he was repreved of his begging? I rede wel he was ful soone in Abrahams bosum. Thou makist also more ado for writing in oure tablis Of sich mennes names that yeven us her almes, Wenynge that God were a fool not knowinge mennes dedes But if he were mengid bi weie of your writyng. Jak, writyng was ordeyned for slipernes of mynde, Not of God but of us men, hirt in oure nature, And bi bodili buystousnesse fallen to foryetynge. Now special preier, as clerkes seien, moste helpeth soulis, And that may not be done withouten special mynde. Thanne for oure forgetfulnesse it nedith us to noten, And this is cause whi we writun in oure tablis. And Esdras wroot a newe book to have the lawe in mynde. To Seint Joon in the Apocalips it was bodun also That privy revelacion to writun in his book, For unstabilnesse of mynde, seith the comoun glose. "Whi also," thou axist, "make ye so many maistris, Ayens Cristis bidding in the holi Gospel?" Forsothe, Jak, among other, this is a lewid question. Taking heed to thin astaate, thou art but a knave, And yit thou lokist that thi knave shulde calle thee maistir. Leve Jacke Jawdewyn, how kepist thou the Gospel? 68 Never the les, to thi question answerith the comoun glose: That neithir the acte of teching, neithir the acte of maistir Ben forbodun of Crist, but oonli ambicion And the nyce appetite of worldly worship. Thou askist also ferthermore whos ben alle oure jewels, And we seyen we han right nought in propre ne in comoun, 69 But gederen the goodes of the rewme to make the Pope riche. Jak, the two and twentithe pope, Joon, wroot ayens this mater, And Frere Menours ayens him, as her actis shewen. Examyne her actis and loke who hath the beter. I knowe noon other ordre this perfitnesse approveth. Thou grucchist also that we gon two of us to-gider For of the perfit apostlis wenten but oone aloone. Thou seist that we pretenden the perfeccioun of apostlis - Parfay, Jak, in Scripture thou failist here ful foule! Herdes thou nevere the processe of the Actis of the apostlis, In what maner the Holigoost chees Bernabe and Poule 70 To gone bothe to-gidere and Cristis seed to sowun? And aftirward whan Bernabas from Poul was departid, Another felowe Tymothe toke Poul to his feere. And yit thei weren perfit bi fastinge and bi preieris, And resseyved hadde the Holigoost bi the apostlis hondis. And thus we gon two to-gider folwinge her stappis, But more for the mysterie includid in the noumbre, Forto do workes of charite fulfilling the lawe. And two tablis of Moises there the lawe was writun, And two cherubyns in the temple, and two in the tabernacle. It was not good to Adam forto be aloone, And Crist seith "Woo" to sool in aventure that he falle. Also for fraternite ful harde thou us holdist, To graunt part of merit and also of messis, Bicause that we witen not whether that we ben in grace or in synne, And happili for we praien for suche that ben dampned in helle. Jak, if this cause were good, al preier were reproved, And thanne were set at nought bothe messe and matynes, And holy bedis and orisons seid in Holi Chirche. Thanne shulde we leve Cristis bede, the holy Pater Noster, Thanne was the Memento put falsly in the masse, And Hooli Chirche voidli or madli biddith preye, And alle siche yonge impossibilitees folowen therof. For who is that that knowith him-silf worthi forto preien, But God bi revelacion speciali wolde it shewe? For noman, seith the Scripture, woot whether he is worthi love, Or ellis maugree but God it oonli knowith. 71 And who can telle, ferthermore, whiche shulde be dampned, Sith Goddis privy domes man mai not comprehende? And so shal noman preie for other, ne noman for him-silf. Jak, se now thin errour and sumtyme sesse for shame, For thou jangelist as a jay and woost not what thou meenest. More over thou movest multipliyng of so many freris - Whiche encresen combrouseli ayens Goddis wille (Sith preestis with other religious myghte serve the peple) - For twelve apostlis and fewe moo serveden al the world, And mo fyngris on myn hond than foure and the thombe Amenusith my worching more than it acresith. 72 And so thou seist that freris letten Cristis growinge in to heven. 73 Jacke, thou weenest thou wynne lond but thou concludist thi-silf. Thou seist that God alle thingis hath maad in mesure, weighte, and noumbre, And that every frere is sum thing thou maist not denye; And thou seist freris ben maad ayens Goddis wille: - Than hath God maad sum thing that He wolde not make, And so His sovereyne goodnesse is contrarious to Him-silfe. Lo, Jakke Jospinel! What folowith of thi sawis! Jakke, if than a fewe moo myghte serven al the world, Thanne myghte a fewe preestes serven a litil rewme. Whi renne thanne these yonge clerkes so faste to the ordres To encresen preestes above many hundridis? And if freris ben combrouse, preestis ben wel more! Or ellis telle a beter skil thanne thou hast begunne, Whi the toon is chargeaunt more than the tother. Also the ensaumple of thin hond is no thing to purpos, For kynde hath determyned the noumbre of thi fyngris, And if it passe noumbre it is clepid monstruosite. But God and Holi Chirche determyned noo noumbre Of preestis ne of freris to helpen mannis soule, For the mo good ther ben the better is Cristis spouse, And though fewer myghten done that that man nedith, Yit many hondis to-gider maken light werk. Another mater thou movest, Jak, moost to be chargid, Of the solempne sacrament of Cristis owne bodye, Conteyned in figure of breed, sacrifise for synne. Thou drawist a thorn out of thin hele and puttist it in oure, Thou berist us on honde that we seien there is not Cristis bodye, 74 But roundnesse and whitenesse, and accident withouten suget. Jak, we seie with Holy Chirche that ther is Cristis bodi, And not material breed with Wiclyf your maistir, The whiche put ther but as a signe and not verre Cristis bodi, Aftir a manere spekyng that Holy Chirche usith - As we clepen Crist a stoon, a lomb, and a lioun, And noon of these is Crist, but oonli in figure. This heresie holde not we but ye his false folowers, Privyly as ye doren and opinli ye wolden, Ne were the sharp ponishinge of your former fadirs. 75 And now I wil thee telle the freris Confiteor Touching to this sacrament how that thei bileven: Thei seie breed is turned in to fleish, and wyne in to blood, Thourgh the myght of oure God and vertue of His wordis. The fleish is mete, the blood is drynke, and Crist dwellith, No thing rasyd, no thing dividid, but oonli broken in signe, 76 And as moche is in oo partie as is al the hole. 77 Ther leeveth not of the breed but oonli the licnesse, Which that abideth therinne noon substeyned substans. 78 It is deth to yvel, lyf to good, encresing of oure grace. It wole not be confect but oonli of a preest That lawfulli is ordeyned bi Holy Chirche keies. And so carpenters ne sowters, card makers ne powchers, Drapers ne cutellers, girdelers, coferers, ne corvysers, 79 Ne no manere of artificeris this sacrament mowe treten But the privite of preesthode wer prickid in her soulis. 80 And yit your secte susteynes wommen to seie massis, Shewyng to trete a sacrament as preestes that thei were, 81 Reversynge holy doctours and decree of Holy Chirche. Allas! your brymme blastis awake the wilde wawis, And scailen sely Petership and putt it in highe perile. Ne were God the giour and kept the stern, With the sterne stormes that reufulli ye reisen, Al shulde wende to wrak in to the waast watris. 82 The releef of Cristis feeste ye renden and rapyn That his almners the postlis gaderid to-gidere And delith it to dogges and ravenouse beestes; And the presciouse perlis ye strowun to hogges: The sutil metis of Scripturis to cherlis stomakes, And maken hem als comoun as the cart weye, Ayens Poulis sentence and Poulis owne doctrine: Non, inquit Paulus, potui vobis scribere quasi spiritualibus, sed quasi carnalibus, etc. Se also what Crist seith in the holy Gospel: Multa habui vobis dicere: sed non etc. Also in many other place thus spekith He to His perfit disciplis: Vobis datum est noscere misterium, regni Dei. Ceteris autem in parabolam etc. Than the lewide and the lered aught not yliche; 83 The Scripturis ben scatrid in his privy pointes. 84 Jak, thou seist at the last that charite is chacid, To vengyn our defautis and mende us of oure mysse, 85 Levynge oure rotyn ritis, folowinge Goddis lawe. Jak, oure ritis ben nought rotyn, her rootis ben al freishe, Plantid in the Gospel, as I seide biforen. But, good Jak, your grace, where be ye foundid? Not in Goddis Gospel but in Sathanas pistile, Wher of sorowe and of sorcerie noon is to seken, 86 But al maner of dolosite to you is enditid, As in thi lewid daliaunce apertli thou hast preved. 87 But moche mawgre mote thou have thus to frayn a frere That slily wolde have slent aweye and noman have greved. 88 But for thi grete labour thi gardoun thou shalt gete: Thou shalt have the Popis curse and al Holi Chirchis. And if thou sett this at nought, God mowe sende thee more: The curse that He hath yovun to Caym, and Choreis sone also; Thou shalt also have the curse that Crist yaf to Phariseis, Figurid in the figge tree that nevere bare fruyte aftir. Thou shalt have the weleaway of Gelboth hilles, The sorowe of Sodome and al sinful citeis. Take for thi faire speche the preier of Deus laudem, The greable gardoun for al opin sclaundris. Thou shalt have the malisoun of Moab and Ariel, The benysoun of Bethsaida shal make thy beddis heed. And, Jakke, for thou apprisist not the curse of Seint Franceis, But scornyst the malisoun of the foure ordris, Take the malisoun that God yaf to brekers of His lawe, In the book of Deutronomye, the seven and twenty chapitre. But evere beware of Cristis curse and of cattis tailis, The which, if thou have grace to cacchen, nevere shal thou thryve. Now fare forthe to thi fourmures and, Jak, thou hem telle The mater of oure talkynge, and loke how hem likith; And if hem thinke not thi sawes sufficientli assoilid, Lat hem senden ayen, it shal be amendid. And sai hem that it nedith not to sharpen oure clerkes, 89 For Frere Dawe is scharpe ynowgh for al sich enditinge. Fare wele, Jak Jawdewyne, I thee God bitake, And nomore of freris I thee rede to preche. To lower state than thei ben thou maist hem not dryve, And if thei evere come to higher - the wers shal thou thryve! Explicit dictamen Fratris Daw Topias, quem in fine appellat Johannem Walssingham, contra questiones Johannis Uplond. |
allow for my eyes; (see note) weep banished; (see note) estate staggers; itself; (see note) (see note) Joel; true maxims to look upon stifled meteors commonalty truly (see note) reigns abandoned strengthened; associated with (see note) persecuting; (see note) schism joined together destroy; (see note) right to the root off; (see note) these; their; (see note) (see note) censers; altars Priests of Baal are; (see note) deadly sickness fostered are; (see note) Disobedient; liege Wheat; nor; harvest; (see note) Nor teacher; fool; taught ignorant; against seem wise to you easily; ignorant; (see note) (see note) nor an ignorant stupid as a leek; (see note) subtle wit; (see note) To argue against estrange; deprive; dawn liege; greatly; (see note) longer obedience; (see note) taken in; favored To protect; ill weather Wheat; cut down; (see note) clean the ditches (see note) their common people twisting; are seen wrinkles; vex great; may not conceal [it] poison; (see note) (see note) any people since; (see note) schism; (see note) ruination; everywhere (see note) unless; pay withhold the truth before; demonstrated when there is need parish; mean falsely allege five; (see note) a pea; (see note) Pythoness; addled; (see note) (see note) Holy Spirit (see note) argument; (see note) barb; revert truly you destroy remission harms matrimony more tricks their studies; chair; (see note) (see note) read to me; (see note) build the castles of Cain; (see note) are constructing; (see note) pray; are obliged say a type [And of] each; dwells in (see note) subtlety; vanguard (see note) persecute our faith Ruining; injuries anise; mint; (see note) considered; (see note) (see note) weathervanes; wagging signs (see note) sweetly openly; depicted their; trumpets; (see note) troop of followers their fierce; confound Deprive; wondrously scatter them causes grievous vexation; (see note) mingled idle talk; wrath (see note) (see note) after seven years strikes with fear down (see note) teachings causes many evils third; star assuredly (see note) incorrect; much loathsomely fell Misunderstanding burns planks (see note) has he gone; must very hard; (see note) darkened [A third of] the moon air thrice screams `Woe'; (see note) attracted secretly poisoned thrice `Woe'; menaced (see note) gadflies arrayed Toothed; breastplates smothering; feeble flames eyes gadflies; followers Which means nothing else flatter first like reproach implicated in the other Pharoah loosed; (see note) harass (see note) signify masters Seditions (see note) arrows Of; foul lechery receive called (see note) army oppressive tyranny; (see note) reign tamper; (see note) knows; truth windmill; (see note) bull's foot; neither do you ignorance these hidden meanings innocent vanguard heavily embattled schemes widely; burns spy It seems that you (see note) (see note) cursed; far apart meet together (see note) who lack meaning; good sense (see note) are there on earth? Of wish to have; (see note) created Son Established; hierarchies; (see note) chiefest; burns perhaps knights templars; (see note) examine; (see note) fully inform Unless; calculate all mankind; (see note) (see note) Witness; different places Don't you suppose eye; (see note) abandon the one maintain any; (see note) approved; gladly And if I deny what you say contradict upon pain of steal clearly; school weak better befits you addle your wit epistle (see note) represented John; Leah estates (of people); (see note) must shut themselves away flee from such "anchorites" desert; endure much herbs third; not to be Of whom David speaks See; together One heart "monasticism" active life are obliged pagans to provide for as their sin requires [active and contemplative] Like both these lives (see note) widows undefiled rob; (see note) alms is thievery any kind of writing Where; steal mere pennies (see note) pleasing in your hands fraternal habits; (see note) More firmly they wish for such teachings Manichaean; (see note) away; hanky-panky; (see note) habit tonsure [is a] priest else; barber Just so; clothes apostasy may we; (see note) Like original Do you think signifies saddle; mare; (see note) zealously prate; (see note) wears plainly We wear surpass; many times ours wearer ask; (see note) scapulary; cloak; belt (see note) comfort; dozen bags full of spoils; (see note) wider Since less; keep cloak; wide; (see note) (see note) garment; (see note) fashioned; shield represents By this to receive rebuke Or else activity seek to destroy covers the shoulders obedience due Concerning; knotted belt consult the Minorites I wish to know; (see note) mostly; clothes; (see note) think; humility (see note) silence; (see note) obliged; say good things (see note) perfect silence parish priest (see note) meat; alike; (see note) choose; one appropriate decent; toilet sheep-cote enough; (see note) urinate in your dish you contradict (see note) introduce; (see note) masters; (see note) run; absolved From the oath run; more; are regret very much you'd never say fling; wish secret run; rites masters dead men; (see note) alive from Paul's epistles meaning (see note) (see note) competent upon my faith; stupidity Have you never heard; (see note) secrets; chose Forbidding them denied (see note) spoke of say; competent ought; broadcast always chattering reason; proverbs (see note) very seldom; wise servant; much (see note) it requires more such To whom belong only beast sheep-pen shelter beasts remain sheltered Why don't you house Pay attention; something; (see note) If prate; suppress; (see note) regal entered; robbed realm Anything like the royalty (see note) surpasses; (see note) loyalty; prevaricate lectern; cease (see note) As though; possessors (see note) realm; claim (see note) tax; (see note) paid tribute; heathen; (see note) only out of avoid; impeachment before; judged to death (see note) in bondage allowed Jeremiah is subject to tribute; (see note) permit; (see note) only by [the] not at all compelled parsons; (see note) limited; what is required except only recently; (see note) Of; fraternization; (see note) (see note) Both; seal; authentic; (see note) "Our Fathers" beads; bestow on friars; (see note) cling to your cheeks certainly; (see note) (see note) settle; (see note) gilt trental; (see note) Nor may deliver from determines that company fashion men; (see note) habit (dress) those; buried in the habit taught you fickle; fabricate advance; arguments has acquired for certainly I don't know; (see note) know; healed; (see note) Of her chronic blood ailment secret foreknowledge viciously; accuse; (see note) stealing entice; to God Unless Saying; (see note) give; if see father; mother himself isn't worthy soon again go; remain rob; despoil it (see note) isn't grounded undertake; win over; (see note) if; heathen according to frenzy; act foolishly (see note) Diminishing; depriving according to its meaning; (see note) draw and quarter; (see note) Behead; nor rely on precedents; (see note) undertaken whoever; give; the control pirates; murderers; (see note) malefactors; unpunished by permission bold (enough) (see note) more often (see note) statements Simon's offspring confession burial; charitable act (see note) true; refute bring yourself; place pay attention you ask; confess; (see note) Nor bury the poor are parsons so angry parish priests interpretations; (see note) once suspect; half hanged; (see note) fallacies; (see note) profit (see note) derives from St. Paul from collections To sustain don't believe me, consult And its gloss (see note) against what abandon; must its result; (see note) acted plotted Mohammed's roar to bay (see note) deviate swerve taste Worthy of nothing better than heretic consecrate (see note) Severing you (see note) literate in the end Greek means division in Latin liberally concocts (forges) confederates miserable opinions; called matter; explain to be found eradicates; belief disseminates Wycliffites; Sabellians; (see note) are considered sell excommunication questions our faith by Summa; (see note) say nothing else Except [that] masses; (see note) mass labor unwise he says received their instruction their alms not at all in (see note) covertly lucrative; want to be preferred (see note) Which (i.e., churches) administer amount each year annual mass-singers deem appropriate themselves broached; (see note) slander territories concerning; must (see note) attests Concerning; (see note) (see note) two agree with one another according to one nature (divine); (see note) needed to beg had no shelter shut out (see note) shall give (see note) foolishly pretend else; their duty don't wonder that once; food-buyer; (see note) by clerical rote learning (see note) forbidden (see note) loudly given his eyesight despite poor; beautiful gate; (see note) Prayed; share their lameness don't neglect; begged; (see note) receive have you read; rebuked for in Paradise; (see note) tablets; (see note) such; who give Supposing Unless; reminded established; frailty by; impaired corporal failings; forgetting (see note) considerations (the) reason why (see note) commanded; (see note) secret instability; explanation you ask; masters; (see note) Against Christ's command other [things] estate; only; servant make sure (see note) (see note) Was forbidden by foolish aspiration (see note) collect; realm against; matter; (see note) their records witness better [arguments] fraternal order; perfection complain; walk; (see note) err; most grievously (see note) Barnabas To go; sow took Paul as his companion perfect; prayers had received; from go; their footsteps symbolism; (see note) (see note) tablets of Moses on which Woe; the solitary life; (see note) (see note) masses don't know such [people] would be repudiated mass prayers prayer (see note) vainly; commands to pray immature that [man] who knows; (see note) (see note) which persons God's secret judgments for a while cease out of; (see note) jay-bird posit; (see note) increase unmanageably little more think; contradict (see note) are created against He didn't wish to make contrary sayings (see note) realm run burdensome; even more so better argument the one; more persuasive example; not relevant nature exceeds; monstrosity i.e., the Church (see note) (see note) broached; credited; (see note) (see note) subject (substance) truly According to figure of speech dare; [as] you wish Confession flesh Through; power; strength remains remains nothing; appearance evil created keys cobblers; pouch-makers; (see note) craftsmen fierce; waves i.e., the papacy guide (pilot) stir up succor; tear up and destroy; (see note) disciples; apostles give it out to pearls; scatter subtle food; churl's as common; cart road (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) ousted; (see note) corrupt rites (see note) (see note) (see note) anguish; written spite; question reward count; nothing (see note) gave; Pharisees sorrowing; Mount Gilboa; (see note) cities; (see note) (see note) comforting reward; public slander curse; (see note) prayers more attentive; (see note) didn't value; (see note) malediction curse; gave; (see note) (see note) teachers; (see note) it pleases them words adequately repudiated Let them report again; dealt with enough; such composing commend you to God I advise you worse; prosper (see note) |